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Deep learning-based malware detectors have been shown to be susceptible to adversarial malware examples, i.e. malware examples that have been deliberately manipulated in order to avoid detection. In light of the vulnerability of deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Daniel Gibert , Giulio Zizzo , Quan Le , Jordi Planes

This research focused on enhancing post-incident malware forensic investigation using reinforcement learning RL. We proposed an advanced MDP post incident malware forensics investigation model and framework to expedite post incident…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Dipo Dunsin , Mohamed Chahine Ghanem , Karim Ouazzane , Vassil Vassilev

This study examines whether Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) can approximate the performance of fully fine-tuned models in generating human-interpretable decisions and explanations for malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Stephen C. Gravereaux , Sheikh Rabiul Islam

Android malware detectors often degrade after deployment because of concept drift, while full retraining at each maintenance step is costly. We propose a chronological adaptive maintenance framework that models deployment-time maintenance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ahmed Sabbah , Mohammad Kharma , Mohammad Alkhanafseh , Radi Jarrar , Samer Zein , David Mohaisen

Malware developers use combinations of techniques such as compression, encryption, and obfuscation to bypass anti-virus software. Malware with anti-analysis technologies can bypass AI-based anti-virus software and malware analysis tools.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Jong-Wouk Kim , Yang-Sae Moon , Mi-Jung Choi

This technical report presents a comprehensive analysis of malware classification using OpCode sequences. Two distinct approaches are evaluated: traditional machine learning using n-gram analysis with Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Varij Saini , Rudraksh Gupta , Neel Soni

Machine learning is becoming increasingly popular as a go-to approach for many tasks due to its world-class results. As a result, antivirus developers are incorporating machine learning models into their products. While these models improve…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Matouš Kozák , Martin Jureček , Mark Stamp , Fabio Di Troia

Machine learning is a popular approach to signatureless malware detection because it can generalize to never-before-seen malware families and polymorphic strains. This has resulted in its practical use for either primary detection engines…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Hyrum S. Anderson , Anant Kharkar , Bobby Filar , David Evans , Phil Roth

As Android has become increasingly popular, so has malware targeting it, thus pushing the research community to propose different detection techniques. However, the constant evolution of the Android ecosystem, and of malware itself, makes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Lucky Onwuzurike , Enrico Mariconti , Panagiotis Andriotis , Emiliano De Cristofaro , Gordon Ross , Gianluca Stringhini

Concept drift is a significant challenge for malware detection, as the performance of trained machine learning models degrades over time, rendering them impractical. While prior research in malware concept drift adaptation has primarily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Md Tanvirul Alam , Romy Fieblinger , Ashim Mahara , Nidhi Rastogi

Over the last decade, researchers have extensively explored the vulnerabilities of Android malware detectors to adversarial examples through the development of evasion attacks; however, the practicality of these attacks in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Hamid Bostani , Veelasha Moonsamy

Malicious software (malware) classification offers a unique challenge for continual learning (CL) regimes due to the volume of new samples received on a daily basis and the evolution of malware to exploit new vulnerabilities. On a typical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Mohammad Saidur Rahman , Scott E. Coull , Matthew Wright

We investigate a Deep Learning based system for malware detection. In the investigation, we experiment with different combination of Deep Learning architectures including Auto-Encoders, and Deep Neural Networks with varying layers over…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Mohit Sewak , Sanjay K. Sahay , Hemant Rathore

Malware detectors based on machine learning are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) are architectures based on Neural Networks that could produce successful adversarial samples. The interest towards this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Renjith G , Sonia Laudanna , Aji S , Corrado Aaron Visaggio , Vinod P

The vulnerability of machine learning-based malware detectors to adversarial attacks has prompted the need for robust solutions. Adversarial training is an effective method but is computationally expensive to scale up to large datasets and…

Machine learning (ML) has been developed to detect malware in recent years. Most researchers focused their efforts on improving the detection performance but ignored the robustness of the ML models. In addition, many machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Nam Hoang Thanh , Trung Pham Duy , Lam Bui Thu

We consider the problem of detecting malware with deep learning models, where the malware may be combined with significant amounts of benign code. Examples of this include piggybacking and trojan horse attacks on a system, where malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Keith Dillon

Malware are malicious programs that are grouped into families based on their penetration technique, source code, and other characteristics. Classifying malware programs into their respective families is essential for building effective…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Filippo Leveni , Matteo Mistura , Francesco Iubatti , Carmine Giangregorio , Nicolò Pastore , Cesare Alippi , Giacomo Boracchi

Android Malware has emerged as a consequence of the increasing popularity of smartphones and tablets. While most previous work focuses on inherent characteristics of Android apps to detect malware, this study analyses indirect features and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Ignacio Martín , José Alberto Hernández , Alfonso Muñoz , Antonio Guzmán

Machine learning (ML) malware detectors rely heavily on crowd-sourced AntiVirus (AV) labels, with platforms like VirusTotal serving as a trusted source of malware annotations. But what if attackers could manipulate these labels to classify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Tianwei Lan , Luca Demetrio , Farid Nait-Abdesselam , Yufei Han , Simone Aonzo