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Loss of equilibrium of magnetic flux ropes is a leading candidate for the origin of solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The aim of this paper is to explore to what extent this mechanism can account for the initiation of CMEs in the global…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 A. R. Yeates , D. H. Mackay

We investigate the evolution of interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) sheath regions at 1 AU across solar cycles 23, 24, and the rising phase of 25, focusing on their variability and turbulence in relation to upstream solar wind…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-14 C. Larrodera , M. Temmer , M. Owens

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are large-scale expulsions of plasma and magnetic flux from the Sun's corona into the heliosphere. In interplanetary space they are referred to as interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs), often characterised by a shock, a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-03 Akanksha Dagore , Giuseppe Prete , Vincenzo Capparelli , Vincenzo Carbone , Fabio Lepreti

A central question for understanding interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) physics and improving space weather forecasting is how ICMEs evolve in interplanetary space. We have updated one of the most comprehensive in situ ICME…

We use in-situ data from the Wind spacecraft to survey the amplitude of turbulent fluctuations in the proton density and total magnetic field inside a large sample of near-Earth magnetic clouds (MCs) associated with coronal mass ejections…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-16 Debesh Bhattacharjee , Prasad Subramanian , Teresa Nieves-Chinchilla , Angelos Vourlidas

Magnetic clouds (MCs) are a subset of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) where a magnetic flux rope is detected. Is the difference between MCs and ICMEs without detected flux rope intrinsic or rather due to an observational bias?…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 P. Demoulin , S. Dasso , M. Janvier

We present a statistical investigation of the radial evolution of 28 interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), measured in situ by the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft from 2018 October to 2022 August. First, by analyzing the radial…

We analyzed intermittency in the solar wind, as observed on the ecliptic plane, looking at magnetic field and velocity fluctuations between 0.3 and 1 AU, for both fast and slow wind and for compressive and directional fluctuations. Our…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 R. Bruno , V. Carbone , L. Sorriso-Valvo , B. Bavassano

Electromotive force is an essential quantity in dynamo theory. During a coronal mass ejection (CME), magnetic helicity gets decoupled from the Sun and advected into the heliosphere with the solar wind. Eventually, a heliospheric magnetic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-17 Philippe-A. Bourdin , Bernhard Hofer , Yasuhito Narita

This study covers a thorough statistical investigation of the evolution of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) with and without sheaths, through a broad heliocentric distance and temporal range. The analysis treats the sheath and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-08 C. Larrodera , M. Temmer

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), the large-scale eruptive phenomena capable of shedding a huge amount of solar magnetic helicity and energy are potential in driving strong geomagnetic storms. They complexly evolve while…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-22 Sanchita Pal , Cecilia Mac Cormack , Emilia K. J. Kilpua , Yogesh , Lan K. Jian , Teresa Nieves-Chinchilla

The relative importance of different initiation mechanisms for coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on the Sun is uncertain. One possible mechanism is the loss of equilibrium of coronal magnetic flux ropes formed gradually by large-scale surface…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 A. R. Yeates , G. D. R. Attrill , Dibyendu Nandy , D. H. Mackay , P. C. H. Martens , A. A. van Ballegooijen

We estimate the near-Sun axial magnetic field of a coronal mass ejection (CME) on 10 March 2022. Solar Orbiter's in situ measurements, 7.8 degrees east of the Sun-Earth line at 0.43 AU, provided a unique vantage point, along with the WIND…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-05 Shifana Koya , Spiros Patsourakos , Manolis K. Georgoulis , Alexander Nindos

We investigated a set of 54 interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) events whose solar sources are very close to the disk center (within 15 degrees from the central meridian). The ICMEs consisted of 23 magnetic cloud (MC) events and 31…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 N. Gopalswamy , P. MÄkelÄ , S. Akiyama , H. Xie , S. Yashiro , A. A. Reinard

In the vicinity of Earth's orbit, the typical solar wind Alfv\'{e}n Mach number exceeds 5, and the super-Alfv\'{e}nic solar wind drives a conventional magnetosphere configuration. However, at the ejecta phase of an interplanetary coronal…

Space Physics · Physics 2024-02-08 Yuxi Chen , Chuanfei Dong , Li-Jen Chen , Menelaos Sarantos , Brandon L. Burkholder

We quantitatively address the conjecture that magnetic helicity must be shed from the Sun by eruptions launching coronal mass ejections in order to limit its accumulation in each hemisphere. By varying the ratio of guide and strapping field…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-14 B. Kliem , N. Seehafer

As an important source for large geomagnetic storms, an "ICME-in-sheath" is a completely shocked interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) stuck in the sheath between a shock and host ejecta. Typical characteristics are identified from…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-08 Ying D. Liu , Chong Chen , Xiaowei Zhao

In this paper, we review the preliminary results on the propagation effects and interplanetary consequences of fast and wide coronal mass ejection (CME) events, occurred during 18--25 June 2015, in the Sun-Earth distance range. The…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-14 P. K. Manoharan , D. Maia , A. Johri , M. S. Induja

We have performed an extensive statistical investigation of how interplanetary fast forward shocks affect certain turbulence parameters, namely, the cross-helicity, $\sigma_c$, residual energy, $\sigma_r$, and magnetic helicity, $\sigma_m$.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-09 Emilia Kilpua , Simon Good , Juska Soljento , Domenico Trotta , Tia Bäcker , Julia Ruohotie , Jens Pomoell , Chaitanya Sishtla , Rami Vainio

Studies for inferring the global characteristics of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from its multipoint local in situ observations have been undertaken earlier, but there are limited studies utilizing measurements from multiple spacecraft…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-27 Anjali Agarwal , Wageesh Mishra