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Quantum networks aim to facilitate the fault-tolerant and secure transmission of quantum states across distant devices. The widely adopted quantum teleportation scheme requires multiple rounds of entanglement swapping and purification,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 IlKwon Sohn , Boseon Kim , Kwangil Bae , Wooyeong Song , Chankyun Lee , Kabgyun Jeong , Wonhyuk Lee

Quantum secret sharing schemes are a family of quantum cryptographic protocols which provide secure quantum encodings, mapping one secret to multiple shares of information such that the original secret cannot be accessed without an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Varin Sikand , Andrew Nemec

In typical laser communications classical information is encoded by modulating the amplitude of the laser beam and measured via direct detection. We add a layer of security using quantum physics to this standard scheme, applicable to…

Motivated by applications to covert quantum radar, we analyze a covert quantum sensing problem, in which a legitimate user aims at estimating an unknown parameter taking finitely many values by probing a quantum channel while remaining…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Mehrdad Tahmasbi , Matthieu Bloch

Quantum cryptography is information-theoretically secure owing to its solid basis in quantum mechanics. However, generally, initial implementations with practical imperfections might open loopholes, allowing an eavesdropper to compromise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-25 Anqi Huang , Stefanie Barz , Erika Andersson , Vadim Makarov

In the direct communication quantum channels the authorized recipient (Bob) and the non-authorized recipient (Eve) have different abilities for verification of received information. Bob can apply the feedback to commit the sender (Alice) to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-23 Constantin V. Usenko

We show that covert secret key expansion is possible using a public authenticated classical channel and a quantum channel largely under control of an adversary, which we precisely define. We also prove a converse result showing that, under…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Mehrdad Tahmasbi , Matthieu R. Bloch

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows for secure communications safe against attacks by quantum computers. QKD protocols are performed by sending a sizeable, but finite, number of quantum signals between the distant parties involved. Many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-05 Darius Bunandar , Luke C. G. Govia , Hari Krovi , Dirk R. Englund

Secure cryptographic protocols are indispensable for modern communication systems. It is realized through an encryption process in cryptography. In quantum cryptography, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a widely popular quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-03 Arunaday Gupta , Bikash K. Behera , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

This paper tackles the pressing challenge of preserving semantic meaning in communication systems constrained by limited bandwidth. We introduce a novel reinforcement learning framework that achieves per-dimension unequal error protection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Moirangthem Tiken Singh , Adnan Arif

Shannon introduced the classic model of a cryptosystem in 1949, where Eve has access to an identical copy of the cyphertext that Alice sends to Bob. Shannon defined perfect secrecy to be the case when the mutual information between the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Angeles Vazquez-Castro , Masahito Hayashi

A novel communication protocol based on an entangled pair of qubits is presented, allowing secure direct communication from one party to another without the need for a shared secret key. Since the information is transferred in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Kim Bostroem

Entanglement-measurement attack is one of the most famous attacks against quantum cryptography. In quantum cryptography protocols, eavesdropping checking is an effective means to resist this attack. There are currently two commonly used…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Zhaoxu Ji , Huanguo Zhang

Quantum communication aims to provide absolutely secure transmission of secret information. State-of-the-art methods encode symbols into single photons or coherent light with much less than one photon on average. For long distance…

Semantic communication allows the receiver to know the intention instead of the bit information itself, which is an emerging technique to support real-time human-machine and machine-to-machine interactions for future wireless…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Zhaohui Yang , Mingzhe Chen , Gaolei Li , Yang Yang , Zhaoyang Zhang

This paper investigates unequal error protection (UEP) in digital semantic communication, where semantically important bits require substantially higher reliability than less critical ones. To characterize this heterogeneity, we introduce a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Seonjung Kim , Yongjeong Oh , Yongjune Kim , Namyoon Lee , Yo-Seb Jeon

Secret-key distillation from quantum states and channels is a central task of interest in quantum information theory, as it facilitates private communication over a quantum network. Here, we study the task of secret-key distillation from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-16 Vishal Singh , Mark M. Wilde

We present Authenticated Multiuser Quantum Direct Communication(MQDC) protocols using entanglement swapping. Quantum direct communication is believed to be a safe way to send a secret message without quantum key distribution. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Changho Hong , Jiin Kim , Hwayean Lee , Hyungjin Yang

This study proposes a novel approach to ensure the security of textual data transmission in a semantic communication system. In the proposed system, a sender transmits textual information to a receiver, while a potential eavesdropper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Qin Guo , Haonan Tong , Sihua Wang , Peiyuan Si , Jun Zhao , Changchuan Yin

It is natural in a quantum network system that multiple users intend to send their quantum message to their respective receivers, which is called a multiple unicast quantum network. We propose a canonical method to derive a secure quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-31 Go Kato , Masaki Owari , Masahito Hayashi