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Current quantum communication protocols rely heavily on classical authentication for message origin verification, leaving them vulnerable to evolving attacks that exploit classical trust assumptions. In this work, we propose a novel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Asgar Hosseinnezhad , Hadi Sabri

Quantum networks distributed over distances greater than a few kilometers will be limited by the time required for information to propagate between nodes. We analyze protocols that are able to circumvent this bottleneck by employing…

Quantum computing holds a great promise and this work proposes to use new quantum data networks (QDNs) to connect multiple small quantum computers to form a cluster. Such a QDN differs from existing QKD networks in that the former must…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Yangming Zhao , Chunming Qiao

Realization of a globe-spanning quantum network is a current worldwide goal, where near and long term implementations will benefit from connectivity between platforms optimized for specific tasks. Towards this goal, a quantum network…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-11 Mohsen Falamarzi Askarani , Kaushik Chakraborty , Gustavo Castro do Amaral

We study entanglement distribution in quantum complex networks where nodes are connected by bipartite entangled states. These networks are characterized by a complex structure, which dramatically affects how information is transmitted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-18 Martí Cuquet , John Calsamiglia

Quantum machine learning is emerging as a promising application of quantum computing due to its distinct way of encoding and processing data. It is believed that large-scale quantum machine learning demonstrates substantial advantages over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Kiwmann Hwang , Hyang-Tag Lim , Yong-Su Kim , Daniel K. Park , Yosep Kim

One of the biggest concerns among cybersecurity professionals these days is the hype around quantum computing, its incomprehensible power, and its implications. The advancement in quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize our…

Popular Physics · Physics 2022-03-15 Tajdar Jawaid

Nowadays, the classical Internet has mainly envisioned as the underlying communication infrastructure of the Quantum Internet, aimed at providing services such as signaling and coordination messages. However, the interplay between classical…

With the advance development in quantum science, constructing a large-scale quantum network has become a hot area of future quantum information technology. Future quantum networks promise to enable many fantastic applications and will…

This work explores entanglement-assisted communication, where quantum entanglement resources enable the transmission of classical information at an enhanced rate. We consider a scenario where entanglement is distributed ahead of time based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-01 Stephen DiAdamo , Janis Nötzel

Long-distance entanglement is a very precious resource, but its distribution is very difficult due to the exponential losses of light in optical fibres. A possible solution consists in the use of quantum repeaters, based on entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-18 Carlo Liorni , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruss

Quantum networks are advancing the information technology infrastructure of society. Simulation and emulation software tools have emerged to support the design, development, and deployment of quantum networks, however, classical simulation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Brian Doolittle , Michael Cubeddu

Large-scale quantum networks, necessary for distributed quantum information processing, are posited to have quantum entangled systems between distant network nodes. The extent and quality of distributed entanglement in a quantum network,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-08 Md Sohel Mondal , Dov Fields , Vladimir S. Malinovsky , Siddhartha Santra

The vision of a quantum internet is to fundamentally enhance Internet technology by enabling quantum communication between any two points on Earth. While the first realisations of small scale quantum networks are expected in the near…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Wojciech Kozlowski , Stephanie Wehner

The advanced notebooks, mobile phones, and internet applications in today's world that we use are all entrenched in classical communication bits of zeros and ones. Classical internet has laid its foundation originating from the amalgamation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-02 Amoldeep Singh , Kapal Dev , Harun Siljak , Hem Dutt Joshi , Maurizio Magarini

Quantum communications harness quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement to enhance information transfer between remote nodes. Coherent quantum communications, essential for phase-based quantum internet architecture, require…

We consider a network of users connected by pairwise quantum key distribution (QKD) links. Using these pairwise secret keys and public classical communication, the users want to generate a common (conference) secret key at the maximal rate.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Anton Trushechkin , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

The development of large-scale quantum networks requires not only advances in physical-layer technologies but also a comprehensive protocol stack that integrates communication, control, and resource management across all layers. We present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Xiaojie Fan , C. R. Ramakrishnan , Himanshu Gupta

Quantum networks, capable of transmitting arbitrary quantum states, provide a foundation for a wide range of quantum applications, including distributed quantum computing, distributed quantum sensing, and quantum communication. Photons are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 Tian-Xiang Zhu , Xiao Liu , Zong-Quan Zhou , Chuan-Feng Li

This paper analyses a classical and a quantum annealing approach to compute the minimum deployment of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) hardware in a tier 1 provider network. The ensemble of QKD systems needs to be able to exchange as many…