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An important problem in causal inference is to break down the total effect of a treatment on an outcome into different causal pathways and to quantify the causal effect in each pathway. For instance, in causal fairness, the total effect of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-10 Lu Cheng , Ruocheng Guo , Huan Liu

Confounding seriously impairs our ability to learn about causal relations from observational data. Confounding can be defined as a statistical association between two variables due to inputs from a common source (the confounder). For…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-17 Anders Ledberg

In offline reinforcement learning-based recommender systems (RLRS), learning effective state representations is crucial for capturing user preferences that directly impact long-term rewards. However, raw state representations often contain…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Siyu Wang , Xiaocong Chen , Lina Yao

Recent years have witnessed the explosive growth of interaction behaviors in multimedia information systems, where multi-behavior recommender systems have received increasing attention by leveraging data from various auxiliary behaviors…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Xiao Luo , Daqing Wu , Yiyang Gu , Chong Chen , Luchen Liu , Jinwen Ma , Ming Zhang , Minghua Deng , Jianqiang Huang , Xian-Sheng Hua

Discovering the causal effect of a decision is critical to nearly all forms of decision-making. In particular, it is a key quantity in drug development, in crafting government policy, and when implementing a real-world machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Limor Gultchin , Matt J. Kusner , Varun Kanade , Ricardo Silva

Recommender systems play a key role in shaping modern web ecosystems. These systems alternate between (1) making recommendations (2) collecting user responses to these recommendations, and (3) retraining the recommendation algorithm based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Karl Krauth , Yixin Wang , Michael I. Jordan

In Conversational Recommendation Systems (CRS), a user provides feedback on recommended items at each turn, leading the CRS towards improved recommendations. Due to the need for a large amount of data, a user simulator is employed for both…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Maria Vlachou

Convenient access to observational data enables us to learn causal effects without randomized experiments. This research direction draws increasing attention in research areas such as economics, healthcare, and education. For example, we…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Ruocheng Guo , Jundong Li , Huan Liu

Recommender systems are quintessential applications of human-computer interaction. Widely utilized in daily life, they offer significant convenience but also present numerous challenges, such as the information cocoon effect, privacy…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Kaike Zhang , Yunfan Wu , Yougang lyu , Du Su , Yingqiang Ge , Shuchang Liu , Qi Cao , Zhaochun Ren , Fei Sun

Unfairness is a well-known challenge in Recommender Systems (RSs), often resulting in biased outcomes that disadvantage users or items based on attributes such as gender, race, age, or popularity. Although some approaches have started to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Yongsen Zheng , Zongxuan Xie , Guohua Wang , Ziyao Liu , Liang Lin , Kwok-Yan Lam

Recommender systems have become crucial in information filtering nowadays. Existing recommender systems extract user preferences based on the correlation in data, such as behavioral correlation in collaborative filtering, feature-feature,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Chen Gao , Yu Zheng , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He , Yong Li

Recommender Systems (RSs) are exploited by various business enterprises to suggest their products (items) to consumers (users). Collaborative filtering (CF) is a widely used variant of RSs which learns hidden patterns from user-item…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Nikita Baidya , Bidyut Kr. Patra , Ratnakar Dash

A combinatorial recommender (CR) system feeds a list of items to a user at a time in the result page, in which the user behavior is affected by both contextual information and items. The CR is formulated as a combinatorial optimization…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Xin Zhao , Zhiwei Fang , Yuchen Guo , Jie He , Wenlong Chen , Changping Peng

Learning effective latent representations for users and items is the cornerstone of recommender systems. Traditional approaches rely on user-item interaction data to map users and items into a shared latent space, but the sparsity of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Hoang V. Dong , Yuan Fang , Hady W. Lauw

Enabling non-discrimination for end-users of recommender systems by introducing consumer fairness is a key problem, widely studied in both academia and industry. Current research has led to a variety of notions, metrics, and unfairness…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Ludovico Boratto , Gianni Fenu , Mirko Marras , Giacomo Medda

Traditional approaches for complementary product recommendations rely on behavioral and non-visual data such as customer co-views or co-buys. However, certain domains such as fashion are primarily visual. We propose a framework that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Cong Phuoc Huynh , Arridhana Ciptadi , Ambrish Tyagi , Amit Agrawal

Recommender systems recommend items more accurately by analyzing users' potential interest on different brands' items. In conjunction with users' rating similarity, the presence of users' implicit feedbacks like clicking items, viewing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Supriyo Mandal , Abyayananda Maiti

Conditioning on some set of confounders that causally affect both treatment and outcome variables can be sufficient for eliminating bias introduced by all such confounders when estimating causal effect of the treatment on the outcome from…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-24 Priyantha Wijayatunga

Causal effect estimation from observational data is one of the essential problems in causal inference. However, most estimation methods rely on the strong assumption that all confounders are observed, which is impractical and untestable in…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-14 Yubai Yuan , Annie Qu

Inferring the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome in an observational study requires adjusting for observed baseline confounders to avoid bias. However, adjusting for all observed baseline covariates, when only a subset are…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-04 Wen Wei Loh , Stijn Vansteelandt