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Shannon entropy regularization is widely adopted in optimal control due to its ability to promote exploration and enhance robustness, e.g., maximum entropy reinforcement learning known as Soft Actor-Critic. In this paper, Tsallis entropy,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-05 Yota Hashizume , Koshi Oishi , Kenji Kashima

$Q$-learning is one of the most fundamental reinforcement learning algorithms. It is widely believed that $Q$-learning with linear function approximation (i.e., linear $Q$-learning) suffers from possible divergence until the recent work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xinyu Liu , Zixuan Xie , Shangtong Zhang

Recent studies have shown that reinforcement learning with KL-regularized objectives can enjoy faster rates of convergence or logarithmic regret, in contrast to the classical $\sqrt{T}$-type regret in the unregularized setting. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Kaixuan Ji , Qingyue Zhao , Heyang Zhao , Qiwei Di , Quanquan Gu

We investigate the learning rate of multiple kernel learning (MKL) with $\ell_1$ and elastic-net regularizations. The elastic-net regularization is a composition of an $\ell_1$-regularizer for inducing the sparsity and an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-08-27 Taiji Suzuki , Masashi Sugiyama

In this paper, we give a new generalization error bound of Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) for a general class of regularizations, and discuss what kind of regularization gives a favorable predictive accuracy. Our main target in this paper…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-11-17 Taiji Suzuki

Mobile robots are increasingly being employed for performing complex tasks in dynamic environments. Reinforcement learning (RL) methods are recognized to be promising for specifying such tasks in a relatively simple manner. However, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Angel Martínez-Tenor , Juan Antonio Fernández-Madrigal , Ana Cruz-Martín , Javier González-Jiménez

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has revolutionized quantitative trading (Q-trading) by achieving decent performance without significant human expert knowledge. Despite its achievements, we observe that the current state-of-the-art DRL…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Zhiming Li , Junzhe Jiang , Yushi Cao , Aixin Cui , Bozhi Wu , Bo Li , Yang Liu , Danny Dongning Sun

Existing methods to enhance the reasoning capability of large language models predominantly rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) followed by reinforcement learning (RL) on reasoning-specific data. These approaches critically depend on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Qingyang Zhang , Haitao Wu , Changqing Zhang , Peilin Zhao , Yatao Bian

We introduce a novel method that averages the logits of a frozen reference policy (e.g., SFT) and a trainable policy, and incorporate the method into Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). In contrast to Reinforcement Learning with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Xingwei Gan , Ying Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) are commonly aligned with human preferences using reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). In this method, LLM policies are generally optimized through reward maximization with Kullback-Leibler (KL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Byeonghu Na , Hyungho Na , Yeongmin Kim , Suhyeon Jo , HeeSun Bae , Mina Kang , Il-Chul Moon

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved tremendous success in recent years. However, the classical foundations of RL do not account for the risk sensitivity of the objective function, which is critical in various fields, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Mohammad Alipour-Vaezi , Huaiyang Zhong , Kwok-Leung Tsui , Sajad Khodadadian

Reinforcement learning (RL) for exponential-utility optimization in discounted Markov decision processes (MDPs) lacks principled value-based algorithms. We address this gap in the fixed risk-aversion setting. Building on the Bellman-type…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Gugan Thoppe , L. A. Prashanth , Ankur Naskar , Sanjay Bhat

We study reinforcement learning in infinite-horizon discounted Markov decision processes with continuous state spaces, where data are generated online from a single trajectory under a Markovian behavior policy. To avoid maintaining an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Shengbo Wang

Finding optimal policies which maximize long term rewards of Markov Decision Processes requires the use of dynamic programming and backward induction to solve the Bellman optimality equation. However, many real-world problems require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Mridul Agarwal , Vaneet Aggarwal

We propose reinforcement learning (RL) strategies tailored for reasoning in large language models (LLMs) under strict memory and compute limits, with a particular focus on compatibility with LoRA fine-tuning. Building on early policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Alan Lee , Harry Tong

Robustness against adversarial attacks and distribution shifts is a long-standing goal of Reinforcement Learning (RL). To this end, Robust Adversarial Reinforcement Learning (RARL) trains a protagonist against destabilizing forces exercised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Aryaman Reddi , Maximilian Tölle , Jan Peters , Georgia Chalvatzaki , Carlo D'Eramo

Q-learning is widely used algorithm in reinforcement learning community. Under the lookup table setting, its convergence is well established. However, its behavior is known to be unstable with the linear function approximation case. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Han-Dong Lim , Donghwan Lee

The key approaches for machine learning, especially learning in unknown probabilistic environments are new representations and computation mechanisms. In this paper, a novel quantum reinforcement learning (QRL) method is proposed by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-22 Daoyi Dong , Chunlin Chen , Hanxiong Li , Tzyh-Jong Tarn

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become the standard paradigm for LLM mathematical reasoning, where Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) serves as the mainstream algorithm. We point out two understudied…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Mingxiong Lin , Zhangquan Gong , Maowen Tang , Qian Li , Chuangchuang Wang , Jian Ma , Sutian Huang , Kai Tang , Haonan Lu

Intrinsic motivation enables reinforcement learning (RL) agents to explore when rewards are very sparse, where traditional exploration heuristics such as Boltzmann or e-greedy would typically fail. However, intrinsic exploration is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Philippe Morere , Fabio Ramos