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The vast majority of successful deep neural networks are trained using variants of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithms. Recent attempts to improve SGD can be broadly categorized into two approaches: (1) adaptive learning rate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Michael R. Zhang , James Lucas , Geoffrey Hinton , Jimmy Ba

The ADAM optimizer is exceedingly popular in the deep learning community. Often it works very well, sometimes it doesn't. Why? We interpret ADAM as a combination of two aspects: for each weight, the update direction is determined by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Lukas Balles , Philipp Hennig

Deep neural network learning can be formulated as a non-convex optimization problem. Existing optimization algorithms, e.g., Adam, can learn the models fast, but may get stuck in local optima easily. In this paper, we introduce a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Jiawei Zhang , Fisher B. Gouza

We consider network sparsification as an $L_0$-norm regularized binary optimization problem, where each unit of a neural network (e.g., weight, neuron, or channel, etc.) is attached with a stochastic binary gate, whose parameters are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Yang Li , Shihao Ji

Diagonal preconditioners are computationally feasible approximate to second-order optimizers, which have shown significant promise in accelerating training of deep learning models. Two predominant approaches are based on Adam and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Bingbin Liu , Rachit Bansal , Depen Morwani , Nikhil Vyas , David Alvarez-Melis , Sham M. Kakade

Adaptive gradient-based optimizers, notably Adam, have left their mark in training large-scale deep learning models, offering fast convergence and robustness to hyperparameter settings. However, they often struggle with generalization,…

Adam-type algorithms have become a preferred choice for optimisation in the deep learning setting, however, despite success, their convergence is still not well understood. To this end, we introduce a unified framework for Adam-type…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Yiming Jiang , Jinlan Liu , Dongpo Xu , Danilo P. Mandic

Convergence and convergence rate analyses of adaptive methods, such as Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) and its variants, have been widely studied for nonconvex optimization. The analyses are based on assumptions that the expected or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Hideaki Iiduka

Although ADAM is a very popular algorithm for optimizing the weights of neural networks, it has been recently shown that it can diverge even in simple convex optimization examples. Several variants of ADAM have been proposed to circumvent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-09-25 Anas Barakat , Pascal Bianchi

Recent methods have significantly reduced the performance degradation of Binary Neural Networks (BNNs), but guaranteeing the effective and efficient training of BNNs is an unsolved problem. The main reason is that the estimated gradients…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Junjie Liu , Dongchao Wen , Deyu Wang , Wei Tao , Tse-Wei Chen , Kinya Osa , Masami Kato

The vast majority of modern deep learning models are trained with momentum-based first-order optimizers. The momentum term governs the optimizer's memory by determining how much each past gradient contributes to the current convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Kristi Topollai , Anna Choromanska

Selecting an optimizer is a central step in the contemporary deep learning pipeline. In this paper, we demonstrate the sensitivity of optimizer comparisons to the hyperparameter tuning protocol. Our findings suggest that the hyperparameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Dami Choi , Christopher J. Shallue , Zachary Nado , Jaehoon Lee , Chris J. Maddison , George E. Dahl

We introduce LDAdam, a memory-efficient optimizer for training large models, that performs adaptive optimization steps within lower dimensional subspaces, while consistently exploring the full parameter space during training. This strategy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Thomas Robert , Mher Safaryan , Ionut-Vlad Modoranu , Dan Alistarh

Tensor-network Born machines (TNBMs) are quantum-inspired generative models for learning data distributions. Using tensor-network contraction and optimization techniques, the model learns an efficient representation of the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Matan Ben-Dov , Jing Chen

Although deep learning models are highly effective for various learning tasks, their high computational costs prohibit the deployment to scenarios where either memory or computational resources are limited. In this paper, we focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-14 Cong Leng , Hao Li , Shenghuo Zhu , Rong Jin

AdamZ is an advanced variant of the Adam optimiser, developed to enhance convergence efficiency in neural network training. This optimiser dynamically adjusts the learning rate by incorporating mechanisms to address overshooting and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Ilia Zaznov , Atta Badii , Alfonso Dufour , Julian Kunkel

We present a method to formulate algorithm discovery as program search, and apply it to discover optimization algorithms for deep neural network training. We leverage efficient search techniques to explore an infinite and sparse program…

Despite their overwhelming capacity to overfit, deep neural networks trained by specific optimization algorithms tend to generalize well to unseen data. Recently, researchers explained it by investigating the implicit regularization effect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Bohan Wang , Qi Meng , Wei Chen , Tie-Yan Liu

We introduce AlphaGrad, a memory-efficient, conditionally stateless optimizer addressing the memory overhead and hyperparameter complexity of adaptive methods like Adam. AlphaGrad enforces scale invariance via tensor-wise L2 gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Soham Sane

We give an algorithm to compute a one-dimensional shape-constrained function that best fits given data in weighted-$L_{\infty}$ norm. We give a single algorithm that works for a variety of commonly studied shape constraints including…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-05-30 David Durfee , Yu Gao , Anup B. Rao , Sebastian Wild
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