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Missing data is a fundamental challenge in data science, significantly hindering analysis and decision-making across a wide range of disciplines, including healthcare, bioinformatics, social science, e-commerce, and industrial monitoring.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-12 Jicong Fan

Missing data present challenges in data analysis. Naive analyses such as complete-case and available-case analysis may introduce bias and loss of efficiency, and produce unreliable results. Multiple imputation (MI) is one of the most widely…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-05-15 Domonique W. Hodge , Sandra E. Safo , Qi Long

G-formula is a popular approach for estimating treatment or exposure effects from longitudinal data that are subject to time-varying confounding. G-formula estimation is typically performed by Monte-Carlo simulation, with non-parametric…

The problem of missing data, usually absent incurated and competition-standard datasets, is an unfortunate reality for most machine learning models used in industry applications. Recent work has focused on understanding the nature and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Spyridon Mouselinos , Kyriakos Polymenakos , Antonis Nikitakis , Konstantinos Kyriakopoulos

Missing data are common in data analyses in biomedical fields, and imputation methods based on random forests (RF) have become widely accepted, as the RF algorithm can achieve high accuracy without the need for specification of data…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-01 Shangzhi Hong , Yuqi Sun , Hanying Li , Henry S. Lynn

We present an approach for imputation of missing items in multivariate categorical data nested within households. The approach relies on a latent class model that (i) allows for household level and individual level variables, (ii) ensures…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-05 Olanrewaju Akande , Jerome Reiter , Andrés F. Barrientos

We present and compare multiple imputation methods for multilevel continuous and binary data where variables are systematically and sporadically missing. The methods are compared from a theoretical point of view and through an extensive…

Iterative imputation is a popular tool to accommodate missing data. While it is widely accepted that valid inferences can be obtained with this technique, these inferences all rely on algorithmic convergence. There is no consensus on how to…

Computation · Statistics 2021-10-25 Hanne Ida Oberman , Stef van Buuren , Gerko Vink

Datasets with missing values are very common on industry applications, and they can have a negative impact on machine learning models. Recent studies introduced solutions to the problem of imputing missing values based on deep generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Ramiro D. Camino , Christian A. Hammerschmidt , Radu State

Missing data is a major challenge in clinical research. In electronic medical records, often a large fraction of the values in laboratory tests and vital signs are missing. The missingness can lead to biased estimates and limit our ability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Omer Noy , Ron Shamir

Missing data on response variables are common in clinical studies. Corresponding to the uncertainty of missing mechanism, theoretical frameworks on controlled imputation have been developed. In practice, it is recommended to conduct a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-08 Tony Wang , Ying Liu

Data imputation, the process of filling in missing feature elements for incomplete data sets, plays a crucial role in data-driven learning. A fundamental belief is that data imputation is helpful for learning performance, and it follows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ruikai Yang , Fan He , Mingzhen He , Kaijie Wang , Xiaolin Huang

Multiple imputation provides an effective way to handle missing data. When several possible models are under consideration for the data, the multiple imputation is typically performed under a single-best model selected from the candidate…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-11-30 Gyuhyeong Goh , Jae Kwang Kim

Attrition in survey and field experiments presents a challenge for social science research. Common approaches to deal with this problem -- such as complete case analysis, multiple imputation, and weighting methods -- rely on strong…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-13 Xiangyu Song

Current pooling rules for multiply imputed data assume infinite populations. In some situations this assumption is not feasible as every unit in the population has been observed, potentially leading to over-covered population estimates. We…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-10-01 Gerko Vink , Stef van Buuren

Missing data is a common problem in medical research, and is commonly addressed using multiple imputation. Although traditional imputation methods allow for valid statistical inference when data are missing at random (MAR), their…

Due to the cost or interference of measurement, we need to control measurement system. Assuming that each variable can be measured sequentially, there exists optimal policy choosing next measurement for the former observations. Though…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Seongwook Yoon , Jaehyun Kim , Heejeong Lim , Sanghoon Sull

We develop a method to generate prediction sets with a guaranteed coverage rate that is robust to corruptions in the training data, such as missing or noisy variables. Our approach builds on conformal prediction, a powerful framework to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Shai Feldman , Yaniv Romano

We outline a framework for multiple imputation of nonignorable item nonresponse when the marginal distributions of some of the variables with missing values are known. In particular, our framework ensures that (i) the completed datasets…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-12 Olanrewaju Akande , Jerome P. Reiter

International comparisons of hierarchical time series data sets based on survey data, such as annual country-level estimates of school enrollment rates, can suffer from large amounts of missing data due to differing coverage of surveys…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-31 Daphne H. Liu , Adrian E. Raftery
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