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In this paper we aim to investigate the mechanisms that guide text generation with pre-trained Transformer-based Language Models (TLMs). Grounded on the Product of Experts formulation by Hinton (1999), we describe a generative mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Xavier Suau , Luca Zappella , Nicholas Apostoloff

Likelihood training and maximization-based decoding result in dull and repetitive generated texts even when using powerful language models (Holtzman et al., 2019). Adding a loss function for regularization was shown to improve text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Evgeny Lagutin , Daniil Gavrilov , Pavel Kalaidin

Despite the superior performance of large language models to generate natural language texts, it is hard to generate texts with correct logic according to a given task, due to the difficulties for neural models to capture implied rules from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Fan Zhang , Kebing Jin , Hankz Hankui Zhuo

Large language models (LLMs) have reached human-like proficiency in generating diverse textual content, underscoring the necessity for effective fake text detection to avoid potential risks such as fake news in social media. Previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Zhixin Lai , Xuesheng Zhang , Suiyao Chen

Large pre-trained language models are capable of generating varied and fluent texts. Starting from the prompt, these models generate a narrative that can develop unpredictably. The existing methods of controllable text generation, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Sergey Vychegzhanin , Evgeny Kotelnikov

This paper presents an innovative approach to enhance control over audio generation by emphasizing the alignment between audio and text representations during model training. In the context of language model-based audio generation, the…

To solve Math Word Problems, human students leverage diverse reasoning logic that reaches different possible equation solutions. However, the mainstream sequence-to-sequence approach of automatic solvers aims to decode a fixed solution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Yibin Shen , Qianying Liu , Zhuoyuan Mao , Zhen Wan , Fei Cheng , Sadao Kurohashi

With the advent of fluent generative language models that can produce convincing utterances very similar to those written by humans, distinguishing whether a piece of text is machine-generated or human-written becomes more challenging and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Niloofar Mireshghallah , Justus Mattern , Sicun Gao , Reza Shokri , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

A learned generative model often produces biased statistics relative to the underlying data distribution. A standard technique to correct this bias is importance sampling, where samples from the model are weighted by the likelihood ratio…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-05 Aditya Grover , Jiaming Song , Alekh Agarwal , Kenneth Tran , Ashish Kapoor , Eric Horvitz , Stefano Ermon

We propose a Distributional Approach for addressing Controlled Text Generation from pre-trained Language Models (LMs). This approach permits to specify, in a single formal framework, both "pointwise" and "distributional" constraints over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Muhammad Khalifa , Hady Elsahar , Marc Dymetman

In zero-shot text-to-speech, achieving a balance between fidelity to the target speaker and adherence to text content remains a challenge. While classifier-free guidance (CFG) strategies have shown promising results in image generation,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-25 John Zheng , Farhad Maleki

Although significant progress has been made in many tasks within the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Controlled Text Generation (CTG) continues to face numerous challenges, particularly in achieving fine-grained conditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Xinxu Zhou , Jiaqi Bai , Zhenqi Sun , Fanxiang Zeng , Yue Liu

Text Simplification improves the readability of sentences through several rewriting transformations, such as lexical paraphrasing, deletion, and splitting. Current simplification systems are predominantly sequence-to-sequence models that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Mounica Maddela , Fernando Alva-Manchego , Wei Xu

Consider an auto-regressive model that produces outputs x (e.g., answers to questions, molecules) each of which can be summarized by an attribute vector y (e.g., helpfulness vs. harmlessness, or bio-availability vs. lipophilicity). An…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Alexander Peysakhovich , William Berman

This work delved into the realm of automatic text generation, exploring a variety of techniques ranging from traditional deterministic approaches to more modern stochastic methods. Through analysis of greedy search, beam search, top-k…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Rohit Pandey , Hetvi Waghela , Sneha Rakshit , Aparna Rangari , Anjali Singh , Rahul Kumar , Ratnadeep Ghosal , Jaydip Sen

We present a general approach towards controllable societal biases in natural language generation (NLG). Building upon the idea of adversarial triggers, we develop a method to induce societal biases in generated text when input prompts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Emily Sheng , Kai-Wei Chang , Premkumar Natarajan , Nanyun Peng

We investigate the theoretical foundations of classifier-free guidance (CFG). CFG is the dominant method of conditional sampling for text-to-image diffusion models, yet unlike other aspects of diffusion, it remains on shaky theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Arwen Bradley , Preetum Nakkiran

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive instruction following capabilities, while still struggling to accurately manage the length of the generated text, which is a fundamental requirement in many real-world applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Yuxuan Gu , Wenjie Wang , Xiaocheng Feng , Weihong Zhong , Kun Zhu , Lei Huang , Tat-Seng Chua , Bing Qin

Classifier-free guidance (CFG) is a widely used technique for improving the perceptual quality of samples from conditional diffusion models. It operates by linearly combining conditional and unconditional score estimates using a guidance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Alexandre Galashov , Ashwini Pokle , Arnaud Doucet , Arthur Gretton , Mauricio Delbracio , Valentin De Bortoli

There is significant interest in developing evaluation metrics which accurately estimate the quality of generated text without the aid of a human-written reference text, which can be time consuming and expensive to collect or entirely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Daniel Deutsch , Rotem Dror , Dan Roth