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This paper makes one of the first efforts toward automatically generating complex questions from knowledge graphs. Particularly, we study how to leverage existing simple question datasets for this task, under two separate scenarios: using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Jie Zhao , Xiang Deng , Huan Sun

In question answering requiring common sense, language models (e.g., GPT-3) have been used to generate text expressing background knowledge that helps improve performance. Yet the cost of working with such models is very high; in this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Wenya Wang , Vivek Srikumar , Hanna Hajishirzi , Noah A. Smith

While large language models (LLMs) like GPT-3 have achieved impressive results on multiple choice question answering (MCQA) tasks in the zero, one, and few-shot settings, they generally lag behind the MCQA state of the art (SOTA). MCQA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Joshua Robinson , Christopher Michael Rytting , David Wingate

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to answer everyday questions, yet their performance on culturally grounded and dialectal content remains uneven across languages. We propose a comprehensive method that (i) translates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Hunzalah Hassan Bhatti , Firoj Alam

Question Answering has come a long way from answer sentence selection, relational QA to reading and comprehension. We shift our attention to generative question answering (gQA) by which we facilitate machine to read passages and answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Rajarshee Mitra

The ability to ask questions is important in both human and machine intelligence. Learning to ask questions helps knowledge acquisition, improves question-answering and machine reading comprehension tasks, and helps a chatbot to keep the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Bang Liu , Haojie Wei , Di Niu , Haolan Chen , Yancheng He

The remarkable success of pretrained language models has motivated the study of what kinds of knowledge these models learn during pretraining. Reformulating tasks as fill-in-the-blanks problems (e.g., cloze tests) is a natural approach for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Taylor Shin , Yasaman Razeghi , Robert L. Logan , Eric Wallace , Sameer Singh

Large language models exhibit superior capabilities in processing and understanding language, yet their applications in educational contexts remain underexplored. Learnersourcing enhances learning by engaging students in creating their own…

Competency Questions (CQs) are a cornerstone of requirement elicitation in ontology engineering. CQs represent requirements as a set of natural language questions that an ontology should satisfy; they are traditionally modelled by ontology…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Reham Alharbi , Valentina Tamma , Terry R. Payne , Jacopo de Berardinis

Understanding search queries is a hard problem as it involves dealing with "word salad" text ubiquitously issued by users. However, if a query resembles a well-formed question, a natural language processing pipeline is able to perform more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Manaal Faruqui , Dipanjan Das

This study investigates the application effectiveness of the Large Language Model (LLMs) ChatGLM in the automated generation of high school information technology exam questions. Through meticulously designed prompt engineering strategies,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Yanxin Chen , Ling He

Research on reasoning in language models (LMs) predominantly focuses on improving the correctness of their outputs. But some important applications require modeling reasoning patterns that are incorrect. For example, automated systems that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Alexis Ross , Jacob Andreas

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are ubiquitous in almost all levels of education since they are easy to administer, grade, and are a reliable form of assessment. An important aspect of MCQs is the distractors, i.e., incorrect options that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Hunter McNichols , Wanyong Feng , Jaewook Lee , Alexander Scarlatos , Digory Smith , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

An overarching goal of natural language processing is to enable machines to communicate seamlessly with humans. However, natural language can be ambiguous or unclear. In cases of uncertainty, humans engage in an interactive process known as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Julia White , Gabriel Poesia , Robert Hawkins , Dorsa Sadigh , Noah Goodman

Task-adaptive pre-training (TAPT) alleviates the lack of labelled data and provides performance lift by adapting unlabelled data to downstream task. Unfortunately, existing adaptations mainly involve deterministic rules that cannot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Holy Lovenia , Bryan Wilie , Willy Chung , Min Zeng , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Su Dan , Pascale Fung

Inquisitive probing questions come naturally to humans in a variety of settings, but is a challenging task for automatic systems. One natural type of question to ask tries to fill a gap in knowledge during text comprehension, like reading a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Wei-Jen Ko , Te-Yuan Chen , Yiyan Huang , Greg Durrett , Junyi Jessy Li

Due to the remarkable language understanding and generation abilities of large language models (LLMs), their use in educational applications has been explored. However, little work has been done on investigating the pedagogical ability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 An-Zi Yen , Wei-Ling Hsu

Developing an educational test can be expensive and time-consuming, as each item must be written by experts and then evaluated by collecting hundreds of student responses. Moreover, many tests require multiple distinct sets of questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Eric Zelikman , Wanjing Anya Ma , Jasmine E. Tran , Diyi Yang , Jason D. Yeatman , Nick Haber

Open-ended questions are a favored tool among instructors for assessing student understanding and encouraging critical exploration of course material. Providing feedback for such responses is a time-consuming task that can lead to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Jordan K. Matelsky , Felipe Parodi , Tony Liu , Richard D. Lange , Konrad P. Kording

Educators evaluate student knowledge using knowledge component (KC) models that map assessment questions to KCs. Still, designing KC models for large question banks remains an insurmountable challenge for instructors who need to analyze…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yumou Wei , Paulo Carvalho , John Stamper