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Machine learning software is being used in many applications (finance, hiring, admissions, criminal justice) having a huge social impact. But sometimes the behavior of this software is biased and it shows discrimination based on some…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Joymallya Chakraborty , Kewen Peng , Tim Menzies

Automated decision systems are increasingly used to take consequential decisions in problems such as job hiring and loan granting with the hope of replacing subjective human decisions with objective machine learning (ML) algorithms.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Guilherme Alves , Fabien Bernier , Miguel Couceiro , Karima Makhlouf , Catuscia Palamidessi , Sami Zhioua

Motivated by the growing importance of reducing unfairness in ML predictions, Fair-ML researchers have presented an extensive suite of algorithmic 'fairness-enhancing' remedies. Most existing algorithms, however, are agnostic to the sources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Nil-Jana Akpinar , Manish Nagireddy , Logan Stapleton , Hao-Fei Cheng , Haiyi Zhu , Steven Wu , Hoda Heidari

Fairness emerged as an important requirement to guarantee that Machine Learning (ML) predictive systems do not discriminate against specific individuals or entire sub-populations, in particular, minorities. Given the inherent subjectivity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Karima Makhlouf , Sami Zhioua , Catuscia Palamidessi

Recommender systems (RS), which are widely deployed across high-stakes domains, are susceptible to biases that can cause large-scale societal impacts. Researchers have proposed methods to measure and mitigate such biases - but translating…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Jing Nathan Yan , Emma Harvey , Junxiong Wang , Jeffrey M. Rzeszotarski , Allison Koenecke

Machine Learning software systems are frequently used in our day-to-day lives. Some of these systems are used in various sensitive environments to make life-changing decisions. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that these AI/ML systems do…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Ajoy Das , Gias Uddin , Shaiful Chowdhury , Mostafijur Rahman Akhond , Hadi Hemmati

Although several fairness definitions and bias mitigation techniques exist in the literature, all existing solutions evaluate fairness of Machine Learning (ML) systems after the training stage. In this paper, we take the first steps towards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Arumoy Shome , Luis Cruz , Arie van Deursen

While our understanding of fairness in machine learning has significantly progressed, our understanding of fairness in reinforcement learning (RL) remains nascent. Most of the attention has been on fairness in one-shot classification tasks;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Anka Reuel , Devin Ma

Machine learning based systems are reaching society at large and in many aspects of everyday life. This phenomenon has been accompanied by concerns about the ethical issues that may arise from the adoption of these technologies. ML fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Luca Oneto , Silvia Chiappa

Fairness-aware classification requires balancing performance and fairness, often intensified by intersectional biases. Conflicting fairness definitions further complicate the task, making it difficult to identify universally fair solutions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Swati Swati , Arjun Roy , Emmanouil Panagiotou , Eirini Ntoutsi

Algorithmic fairness is receiving significant attention in the academic and broader literature due to the increasing use of predictive algorithms, including those based on artificial intelligence. One benefit of this trend is that algorithm…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Pratyush Garg , John Villasenor , Virginia Foggo

Algorithmic fairness has emerged as a central issue in ML, and it has become standard practice to adjust ML algorithms so that they will satisfy fairness requirements such as Equal Opportunity. In this paper we consider the effects of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Ronen Gradwohl , Eilam Shapira , Moshe Tennenholtz

Algorithmic fairness of machine learning (ML) models has raised significant concern in the recent years. Many testing, verification, and bias mitigation techniques have been proposed to identify and reduce fairness issues in ML models. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Yining She , Sumon Biswas , Christian Kästner , Eunsuk Kang

A key challenge in developing and deploying Machine Learning (ML) systems is understanding their performance across a wide range of inputs. To address this challenge, we created the What-If Tool, an open-source application that allows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-04 James Wexler , Mahima Pushkarna , Tolga Bolukbasi , Martin Wattenberg , Fernanda Viegas , Jimbo Wilson

One of the difficulties of artificial intelligence is to ensure that model decisions are fair and free of bias. In research, datasets, metrics, techniques, and tools are applied to detect and mitigate algorithmic unfairness and bias. This…

Privacy and fairness are two crucial pillars of responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) and trustworthy Machine Learning (ML). Each objective has been independently studied in the literature with the aim of reducing utility loss in…

Numerous Machine Learning (ML) bias-related failures in recent years have led to scrutiny of how companies incorporate aspects of transparency and accountability in their ML lifecycles. Companies have a responsibility to monitor ML…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Emily Dodwell , Cheryl Flynn , Balachander Krishnamurthy , Subhabrata Majumdar , Ritwik Mitra

Fairlearn is an open source project to help practitioners assess and improve fairness of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The associated Python library, also named fairlearn, supports evaluation of a model's output across affected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Hilde Weerts , Miroslav Dudík , Richard Edgar , Adrin Jalali , Roman Lutz , Michael Madaio

Machine Learning (ML) systems are increasingly used to support decision-making processes that affect individuals. However, these systems often rely on biased data, which can lead to unfair outcomes against specific groups. With the growing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Joana Simões , João Correia

In consequential real-world applications, machine learning (ML) based systems are expected to provide fair and non-discriminatory decisions on candidates from groups defined by protected attributes such as gender and race. These…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-10-20 Samiulla Shaikh , Harit Vishwakarma , Sameep Mehta , Kush R. Varshney , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy , Dennis Wei