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Machine learning (ML) models have been applied to a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks in recent years. In addition to making accurate decisions, the necessity of understanding how models make their decisions has become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Sean Xie , Soroush Vosoughi , Saeed Hassanpour

Natural language processing (NLP) systems have become a central technology in communication, education, medicine, artificial intelligence, and many other domains of research and development. While the performance of NLP methods has grown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Damián Blasi , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Graham Neubig

This article emphasizes that NLP as a science seeks to make inferences about the performance effects that result from applying one method (compared to another method) in the processing of natural language. Yet NLP research in practice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Sandra Wankmüller

We present and evaluate a new model for Natural Language Generation (NLG) in Spoken Dialogue Systems, based on statistical planning, given noisy feedback from the current generation context (e.g. a user and a surface realiser). We study its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-16 Verena Rieser , Oliver Lemon

The Nepali language has distinct linguistic features, especially its complex script (Devanagari script), morphology, and various dialects,which pose a unique challenge for Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. While the Nepali…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Jinu Nyachhyon , Mridul Sharma , Prajwal Thapa , Bal Krishna Bal

Automated evaluation of open domain natural language generation (NLG) models remains a challenge and widely used metrics such as BLEU and Perplexity can be misleading in some cases. In our paper, we propose to evaluate natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Wangchunshu Zhou , Ke Xu

Human evaluation serves as the gold standard for assessing the quality of Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems. Nevertheless, the evaluation guideline, as a pivotal element ensuring reliable and reproducible human assessment, has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Jie Ruan , Wenqing Wang , Xiaojun Wan

In this position paper, we argue that the classical evaluation on Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks using annotated benchmarks is in trouble. The worst kind of data contamination happens when a Large Language Model (LLM) is trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Oscar Sainz , Jon Ander Campos , Iker García-Ferrero , Julen Etxaniz , Oier Lopez de Lacalle , Eneko Agirre

Large language models (LM) generate remarkably fluent text and can be efficiently adapted across NLP tasks. Measuring and guaranteeing the quality of generated text in terms of safety is imperative for deploying LMs in the real world; to…

Recent advances in generative AI have led to remarkable interest in using systems that rely on large language models (LLMs) for practical applications. However, meaningful evaluation of these systems in real-world scenarios comes with a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Ethan M. Rudd , Christopher Andrews , Philip Tully

In this position paper, we argue that human evaluation of generative large language models (LLMs) should be a multidisciplinary undertaking that draws upon insights from disciplines such as user experience research and human behavioral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Aparna Elangovan , Ling Liu , Lei Xu , Sravan Bodapati , Dan Roth

Current approaches to Natural Language Generation (NLG) for dialog mainly focus on domain-specific, task-oriented applications (e.g. restaurant booking) using limited ontologies (up to 20 slot types), usually without considering the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Alessandra Cervone , Chandra Khatri , Rahul Goel , Behnam Hedayatnia , Anu Venkatesh , Dilek Hakkani-Tur , Raefer Gabriel

In the NLP community, recent years have seen a surge of research activities that address machines' ability to perform deep language understanding which goes beyond what is explicitly stated in text, rather relying on reasoning and knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Shane Storks , Qiaozi Gao , Joyce Y. Chai

The explainability of recommender systems has attracted significant attention in academia and industry. Many efforts have been made for explainable recommendations, yet evaluating the quality of the explanations remains a challenging and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Xiaoyu Zhang , Yishan Li , Jiayin Wang , Bowen Sun , Weizhi Ma , Peijie Sun , Min Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) continue to evolve, the need for robust and standardized evaluation benchmarks becomes paramount. Evaluating the performance of these models is a complex challenge that requires careful consideration of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Marco AF Pimentel , Clément Christophe , Tathagata Raha , Prateek Munjal , Praveen K Kanithi , Shadab Khan

Neuron Interpretation has gained traction in the field of interpretability, and have provided fine-grained insights into what a model learns and how language knowledge is distributed amongst its different components. However, the lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Yimin Fan , Fahim Dalvi , Nadir Durrani , Hassan Sajjad

Large language models (LLMs) have recently been applied to forecasting tasks, with some works claiming these systems match or exceed human performance. In this paper, we argue that, as a community, we should be careful about such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Daniel Paleka , Shashwat Goel , Jonas Geiping , Florian Tramèr

Recent efforts have evaluated large language models (LLMs) in areas such as commonsense reasoning, mathematical reasoning, and code generation. However, to the best of our knowledge, no work has specifically investigated the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Xuanfan Ni , Piji Li

This paper addresses the conceptual, methodological and technical challenges in studying large language models (LLMs) and the texts they produce from a quantitative linguistics perspective. It builds on a theoretical framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Jiří Milička

We review the state of research on empathy in natural language processing and identify the following issues: (1) empathy definitions are absent or abstract, which (2) leads to low construct validity and reproducibility. Moreover, (3)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Allison Lahnala , Charles Welch , David Jurgens , Lucie Flek