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Related papers: Robust Fundamental Lemma for Data-driven Control

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In this letter, we provide new insight into Willems et al.'s fundamental lemma by studying the concept of universal inputs. An input is called universal if, when applied to any controllable system, it leads to input-output data that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-09 Amir Shakouri , Henk J. van Waarde , M. Kanat Camlibel

Willems' fundamental lemma and system level synthesis both characterize a linear dynamic system by its input/output sequences. In this work, we extend the application of the fundamental lemma from deterministic to uncertain LTI systems and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-11 Yinghao Lian , Colin N. Jones

This paper presents a data-driven receding horizon control framework for discrete-time linear systems that guarantees robust performance in the presence of bounded disturbances. Unlike the majority of existing data-driven predictive control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Jian Zheng , Sahand Kiani , Mario Sznaier , Constantino Lagoa

Predictive control, which is based on a model of the system to compute the applied input optimizing the future system behavior, is by now widely used. If the nominal models are not given or are very uncertain, data-driven model predictive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-09 Hoang Hai Nguyen , Maurice Friedel , Rolf Findeisen

Willems' fundamental lemma has recently received an impressive amount of attention in the (data-driven) control community. In this paper, we formulate a frequency-domain equivalent of this lemma. In doing so, we bridge the gap between…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-28 T. J. Meijer , S. A. N. Nouwens , V. S. Dolk , W. P. M. H. Heemels

Given measurements of a linear time-invariant system, the McMillan degree is the dimension of the smallest such system that reproduces these observed dynamics. Using impulse response measurements where the system has been started in some…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-03-24 Jeffrey M. Hokanson

The fundamental lemma by Jan C. Willems and co-authors enables the representation of all input-output trajectories of a linear time-invariant system by measured input-output data. This result has proven to be pivotal for data-driven…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-06 Guanru Pan , Ruchuan Ou , Timm Faulwasser

This survey presents recent research on determining control-theoretic properties and designing controllers with rigorous guarantees using semidefinite programming and for nonlinear systems for which no mathematical models but measured…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-06 Tim Martin , Thomas B. Schön , Frank Allgöwer

Data-driven control based on the fundamental lemma by Willems et al. is frequently considered for deterministic LTI systems subject to measurement noise. However, besides measurement noise, stochastic disturbances might also directly affect…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-14 Guanru Pan , Ruchuan Ou , Timm Faulwasser

This letter presents a robust data-driven receding-horizon control framework for the discrete time linear quadratic regulator (LQR) with input constraints. Unlike existing data-driven approaches that design a controller from initial data…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Jian Zheng , Mario Sznaier

This paper studies finite-horizon robust tracking control for discrete-time linear systems, based on input-output data. We leverage behavioral theory to represent system trajectories through a set of noiseless historical data, instead of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-25 Liang Xu , Mustafa Sahin Turan , Baiwei Guo , Giancarlo Ferrari-Trecate

This paper introduces a Data-Fused Model Predictive Control (DFMPC) framework that combines physics-based models with data-driven representations of unknown dynamics. Leveraging Willems' Fundamental Lemma and an artificial equilibrium…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-17 Davide Gorbani , Mohamed Elobaid , Giuseppe L'Erario , Hosameldin Awadalla Omer Mohamed , Daniele Pucci

Robustness is a basic property of any control system. In the context of linear output regulation, it was proved that embedding an internal model of the exogenous signals is necessary and sufficient to achieve tracking of the desired…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-23 Michelangelo Bin , Daniele Astolfi , Lorenzo Marconi

Willems' fundamental lemma uses a key decision variable $g$ to combine measured input-output data and describe trajectories of a linear time-invariant system. In this paper, we ask: what is a good choice for this vector $g$ when the system…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-17 Aihui Liu , Magnus Jansson

In the context of data-driven control, persistence of excitation (PE) of an input sequence is defined in terms of a rank condition on the Hankel matrix of the input data. For nonlinear systems, recent results employed rank conditions…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-21 Mohammad Alsalti , Victor G. Lopez , Matthias A. Müller

The fundamental lemma by Jan C. Willems and co-workers, which is deeply rooted in behavioral systems theory, has become one of the supporting pillars of the recent progress on data-driven control and system analysis. This tutorial-style…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-01 Timm Faulwasser , Ruchuan Ou , Guanru Pan , Philipp Schmitz , Karl Worthmann

Generalizations and variations of the fundamental lemma by Willems et al. are an active topic of recent research. In this note, we explore and formalize the links between kernel regression and some known nonlinear extensions of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-16 Oleksii Molodchyk , Timm Faulwasser

Willems' fundamental lemma has recently received an impressive amount of attention from the data-driven control community. In this paper, we formulate a version of this celebrated result based on frequency-domain data. In doing so, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-09 T. J. Meijer , K. J. A. Scheres , S. A. N. Nouwens , V. S. Dolk , W. P. M. H. Heemels

The paper investigates data-driven output-feedback predictive control of linear systems subject to stochastic disturbances. The scheme relies on the recursive solution of a suitable data-driven reformulation of a stochastic Optimal Control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-16 Guanru Pan , Ruchuan Ou , Timm Faulwasser

Data-driven control offers a powerful alternative to traditional model-based methods, particularly when accurate system models are unavailable or prohibitively complex. While existing data-driven control methods primarily aim to construct…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-12 Janina Schaa , Thomas Berger