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Recommender systems suffer from confounding biases when there exist confounders affecting both item features and user feedback (e.g., like or not). Existing causal recommendation methods typically assume confounders are fully observed and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Xinyuan Zhu , Yang Zhang , Fuli Feng , Xun Yang , Dingxian Wang , Xiangnan He

Recommender systems may be confounded by various types of confounding factors (also called confounders) that may lead to inaccurate recommendations and sacrificed recommendation performance. Current approaches to solving the problem usually…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Shuyuan Xu , Juntao Tan , Shelby Heinecke , Jia Li , Yongfeng Zhang

In recommender systems, various latent confounding factors (e.g., user social environment and item public attractiveness) can affect user behavior, item exposure, and feedback in distinct ways. These factors may directly or indirectly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zhirong Huang , Shichao Zhang , Debo Cheng , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Guixian Zhang

Traditional recommender systems aim to estimate a user's rating to an item based on observed ratings from the population. As with all observational studies, hidden confounders, which are factors that affect both item exposures and user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Yaochen Zhu , Jing Yi , Jiayi Xie , Zhenzhong Chen

Recommender systems aim to recommend new items to users by learning user and item representations. In practice, these representations are highly entangled as they consist of information about multiple factors, including user's interests,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Paras Sheth , Ruocheng Guo , Lu Cheng , Huan Liu , K. Selçuk Candan

In recent years, dual-target Cross-Domain Recommendation (CDR) has been proposed to capture comprehensive user preferences in order to ultimately enhance the recommendation accuracy in both data-richer and data-sparser domains…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jiajie Zhu , Yan Wang , Feng Zhu , Zhu Sun

The goal of recommendation is to show users items that they will like. Though usually framed as a prediction, the spirit of recommendation is to answer an interventional question---for each user and movie, what would the rating be if we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Yixin Wang , Dawen Liang , Laurent Charlin , David M. Blei

Multimodal recommender systems enhance personalized recommendations in e-commerce and online advertising by integrating visual, textual, and user-item interaction data. However, existing methods often overlook two critical biases: (i) modal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jie Yang , Chenyang Gu , Zixuan Liu

Recommender systems usually rely on observed user interaction data to build personalized recommendation models, assuming that the observed data reflect user interest. However, user interacting with an item may also due to conformity, the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Weiqi Zhao , Dian Tang , Xin Chen , Dawei Lv , Daoli Ou , Biao Li , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai

Recommender systems usually learn user interests from various user behaviors, including clicks and post-click behaviors (e.g., like and favorite). However, these behaviors inevitably exhibit popularity bias, leading to some unfairness…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Xi Wang , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Wenge Rong , Chuantao Yin , Zhang Xiong

Recommender systems easily face the issue of user preference shifts. User representations will become out-of-date and lead to inappropriate recommendations if user preference has shifted over time. To solve the issue, existing work focuses…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Wenjie Wang , Xinyu Lin , Liuhui Wang , Fuli Feng , Yunshan Ma , Tat-Seng Chua

Watch-time prediction remains to be a key factor in reinforcing user engagement via video recommendations. It has become increasingly important given the ever-growing popularity of online videos. However, prediction of watch time not only…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Ruohan Zhan , Changhua Pei , Qiang Su , Jianfeng Wen , Xueliang Wang , Guanyu Mu , Dong Zheng , Peng Jiang

Beyond user-item modeling, item-to-item relationships are increasingly used to enhance recommendation. However, common methods largely rely on co-occurrence, making them prone to item popularity bias and user attributes, which degrades…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Jingmao Zhang , Zhiting Zhao , Yunqi Lin , Jianghong Ma , Tianjun Wei , Haijun Zhang , Xiaofeng Zhang

Unobserved confounding arises when an unmeasured feature influences both the treatment and the outcome, leading to biased causal effect estimates. This issue undermines observational studies in fields like economics, medicine, ecology or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Alexander Merkov , David Rohde , Alexandre Gilotte , Benjamin Heymann

Recommendation systems aim to predict users' feedback on items not exposed to them. Confounding bias arises due to the presence of unmeasured variables (e.g., the socio-economic status of a user) that can affect both a user's exposure and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Qing Zhang , Xiaoying Zhang , Yang Liu , Hongning Wang , Min Gao , Jiheng Zhang , Ruocheng Guo

Recommender systems usually amplify the biases in the data. The model learned from historical interactions with imbalanced item distribution will amplify the imbalance by over-recommending items from the major groups. Addressing this issue…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

To improve user experience and profits of corporations, modern industrial recommender systems usually aim to select the items that are most likely to be interacted with (e.g., clicks and purchases). However, they overlook the fact that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Xu Xie , Zhaoyang Liu , Shiwen Wu , Fei Sun , Cihang Liu , Jiawei Chen , Jinyang Gao , Bin Cui , Bolin Ding

Inferring user preferences from the historical feedback of users is a valuable problem in recommender systems. Conventional approaches often rely on the assumption that user preferences in the feedback data are equivalent to the real user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Hangtong Xu , Yuanbo Xu , Chaozhuo Li , Fuzhen Zhuang

Short-video recommender systems often exhibit a biased preference to recently released videos. However, not all videos become outdated; certain classic videos can still attract user's attention. Such bias along temporal dimension can be…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Lulu Dong , Guoxiu He , Aixin Sun

Recommendation is a prevalent and critical service in information systems. To provide personalized suggestions to users, industry players embrace machine learning, more specifically, building predictive models based on the click behavior…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He , Hanwang Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua
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