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E-commerce search systems rely on modeling user behavior to estimate item relevance and user preference, which are typically assumed to be stable and independently learnable signals. However, in practice, user interactions are jointly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Haoqian Zhang , Ziyuan Yang , Yi Zhang

Recommendation systems are pervasive in the digital economy. An important assumption in many deployed systems is that user consumption reflects user preferences in a static sense: users consume the content they like with no other…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Andreas Haupt , Dylan Hadfield-Menell , Chara Podimata

In this work, we consider how preference models in interactive recommendation systems determine the availability of content and users' opportunities for discovery. We propose an evaluation procedure based on stochastic reachability to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Mihaela Curmei , Sarah Dean , Benjamin Recht

Recommender systems have been applied successfully in a number of different domains, such as, entertainment, commerce, and employment. Their success lies in their ability to exploit the collective behavior of users in order to deliver…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Virginia Tsintzou , Evaggelia Pitoura , Panayiotis Tsaparas

Modern online experimentation faces two bottlenecks: scarce traffic forces tough choices on which variants to test, and post-hoc insight extraction is manual, inconsistent, and often content-agnostic. Meanwhile, organizations underuse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zhengmian Hu , Lei Shi , Ritwik Sinha , Justin Grover , David Arbour

Recommender systems attempt to reduce information overload and retain customers by selecting a subset of items from a universal set based on user preferences. While research in recommender systems grew out of information retrieval and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Saverio Perugini , Marcos Andre Goncalves , Edward A. Fox

Recommender systems learn from historical users' feedback that is often non-uniformly distributed across items. As a consequence, these systems may end up suggesting popular items more than niche items progressively, even when the latter…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Ludovico Boratto , Gianni Fenu , Mirko Marras

Positional bias in large language models (LLMs) hinders their ability to effectively process long inputs. A prominent example is the "lost in the middle" phenomenon, where LLMs struggle to utilize relevant information situated in the middle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Runchu Tian , Yanghao Li , Yuepeng Fu , Siyang Deng , Qinyu Luo , Cheng Qian , Shuo Wang , Xin Cong , Zhong Zhang , Yesai Wu , Yankai Lin , Huadong Wang , Xiaojiang Liu

One of the main challenges in recommender systems is data sparsity which leads to high variance. Several attempts have been made to improve the bias-variance trade-off using auxiliary information. In particular, document modeling-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Meysam Varasteh , Mehdi Soleiman Nejad , Hadi Moradi , Mohammad Amin Sadeghi , Ahmad Kalhor

Rankings are the primary interface through which many online platforms match users to items (e.g. news, products, music, video). In these two-sided markets, not only the users draw utility from the rankings, but the rankings also determine…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Marco Morik , Ashudeep Singh , Jessica Hong , Thorsten Joachims

Many web systems rank and present a list of items to users, from recommender systems to search and advertising. An important problem in practice is to evaluate new ranking policies offline and optimize them before they are deployed. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Shuai Li , Yasin Abbasi-Yadkori , Branislav Kveton , S. Muthukrishnan , Vishwa Vinay , Zheng Wen

Eliciting user preferences from purchase records for performing purchase prediction is challenging because negative feedback is not explicitly observed, and because treating all non-purchased items equally as negative feedback is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Chanyoung Park , Donghyun Kim , Min-Chul Yang , Jung-Tae Lee , Hwanjo Yu

Estimating consumer preferences is central to many problems in economics and marketing. This paper develops a flexible framework for learning individual preferences from partial ranking information by interpreting observed rankings as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-19 Yu-Chang Chen , Chen Chian Fuh , Shang En Tsai

Rankings of people and items has been highly used in selection-making, match-making, and recommendation algorithms that have been deployed on ranging of platforms from employment websites to searching tools. The ranking position of a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Akrati Saxena , George Fletcher , Mykola Pechenizkiy

System prompts in Large Language Models (LLMs) are predefined directives that guide model behaviour, taking precedence over user inputs in text processing and generation. LLM deployers increasingly use them to ensure consistent responses…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Anna Neumann , Elisabeth Kirsten , Muhammad Bilal Zafar , Jatinder Singh

As a highly data-driven application, recommender systems could be affected by data bias, resulting in unfair results for different data groups, which could be a reason that affects the system performance. Therefore, it is important to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Yunqi Li , Hanxiong Chen , Zuohui Fu , Yingqiang Ge , Yongfeng Zhang

When we search online for content, we are constantly exposed to rankings. For example, web search results are presented as a ranking, and online bookstores often show us lists of best-selling books. While popularity-based ranking algorithms…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-03-28 Shilun Zhang , Matúš Medo , Linyuan Lü , Manuel Sebastian Mariani

The search engine plays a fundamental role in online e-commerce systems, to help users find the products they want from the massive product collections. Relevance is an essential requirement for e-commerce search, since showing products…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Shaowei Yao , Jiwei Tan , Xi Chen , Keping Yang , Rong Xiao , Hongbo Deng , Xiaojun Wan

Existing model-based interactive recommendation systems are trained by querying a world model to capture the user preference, but learning the world model from historical logged data will easily suffer from bias issues such as popularity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Zijian Li , Ruichu Cai , Haiqin Huang , Sili Zhang , Yuguang Yan , Zhifeng Hao , Zhenghua Dong

Many Information Retrieval (IR) models make use of offline statistical techniques to score documents for ranking over a single period, rather than use an online, dynamic system that is responsive to users over time. In this paper, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2013-03-22 Marc Sloan , Jun Wang