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Related papers: Ontology-Driven and Weakly Supervised Rare Disease…

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Recently, there is an effort to extend fine-grained entity typing by using a richer and ultra-fine set of types, and labeling noun phrases including pronouns and nominal nouns instead of just named entity mentions. A key challenge for this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Hongliang Dai , Yangqiu Song , Haixun Wang

Harnessing the power of deep neural networks in the medical imaging domain is challenging due to the difficulties in acquiring large annotated datasets, especially for rare diseases, which involve high costs, time, and effort for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-22 Md Mahfuzur Rahman Siddiquee , Jay Shah , Teresa Wu , Catherine Chong , Todd J. Schwedt , Gina Dumkrieger , Simona Nikolova , Baoxin Li

Computer-aided diagnosis system for diffuse lung diseases (DLDs) is necessary for the objective assessment of the lung diseases. In this paper, we develop semantic segmentation model for 5 kinds of DLDs. DLDs considered in this work are…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-27 Yuki Suzuki , Kazuki Yamagata , Yanagawa Masahiro , Shoji Kido , Noriyuki Tomiyama

A common practice in the medical industry is the use of clinical notes, which consist of detailed patient observations. However, electronic health record systems frequently do not contain these observations in a structured format, rendering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Neil Daniel

The field of computational pathology has witnessed great advancements since deep neural networks have been widely applied. These networks usually require large numbers of annotated data to train vast parameters. However, it takes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Yixiao Zhang , Adam Kortylewski , Qing Liu , Seyoun Park , Benjamin Green , Elizabeth Engle , Guillermo Almodovar , Ryan Walk , Sigfredo Soto-Diaz , Janis Taube , Alex Szalay , Alan Yuille

Generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) models have shown promise in clinical entity and relation extraction tasks because of their precise extraction and contextual understanding capability. In this work, we further leverage the Unified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Kriti Bhattarai , Inez Y. Oh , Zachary B. Abrams , Albert M. Lai

This paper presents a portable phenotyping system that is capable of integrating both rule-based and statistical machine learning based approaches. Our system utilizes UMLS to extract clinically relevant features from the unstructured text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Himanshu Sharma , Chengsheng Mao , Yizhen Zhang , Haleh Vatani , Liang Yao , Yizhen Zhong , Luke Rasmussen , Guoqian Jiang , Jyotishman Pathak , Yuan Luo

State-of-the-art information extraction methods are limited by OCR errors. They work well for printed text in form-like documents, but unstructured, handwritten documents still remain a challenge. Adapting existing models to domain-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Sujoy Paul , Gagan Madan , Akankshya Mishra , Narayan Hegde , Pradeep Kumar , Gaurav Aggarwal

This paper addresses the problem of classifying web documents using domain ontology. Our goal is to provide a method for improving the classification of medical documents by exploiting the MeSH thesaurus (Medical Subject Headings) which…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Zakaria Elberrichi , Belaggoun Amel , Taibi Malika

Clinical oncology generates vast, unstructured data that often contain inconsistencies, missing information, and ambiguities, making it difficult to extract reliable insights for data-driven decision-making. General-purpose large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Morteza Rohanian , Tarun Mehra , Nicola Miglino , Farhad Nooralahzadeh , Michael Krauthammer , Andreas Wicki

With large volumes of health care data comes the research area of computational phenotyping, making use of techniques such as machine learning to describe illnesses and other clinical concepts from the data itself. The "traditional"…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-12-30 Chris Hodapp

Contextualised word embeddings is a powerful tool to detect contextual synonyms. However, most of the current state-of-the-art (SOTA) deep learning concept extraction methods remain supervised and underexploit the potential of the context.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Jingqing Zhang , Luis Bolanos , Tong Li , Ashwani Tanwar , Guilherme Freire , Xian Yang , Julia Ive , Vibhor Gupta , Yike Guo

Identifying patient diagnoses from discharge letters is essential to enable large-scale cohort selection and epidemiological research, but traditional supervised approaches rely on extensive manual annotation, which is often impractical for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Vittorio Torri , Elisa Barbieri , Anna Cantarutti , Carlo Giaquinto , Francesca Ieva

Accurate healthcare prediction is essential for improving patient outcomes. Existing work primarily leverages advanced frameworks like attention or graph networks to capture the intricate collaborative (CO) signals in electronic health…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Chuang Zhao , Hui Tang , Jiheng Zhang , Xiaomeng Li

Named Entity Recognition (NER) in the rare disease domain poses unique challenges due to limited labeled data, semantic ambiguity between entity types, and long-tail distributions. In this study, we evaluate the capabilities of GPT-4o for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Nan Miles Xi , Yu Deng , Lin Wang

Clinical notes are an efficient way to record patient information but are notoriously hard to decipher for non-experts. Automatically simplifying medical text can empower patients with valuable information about their health, while saving…

In this work, we present our various contributions to the objective of building a decision support tool for the diagnosis of rare diseases. Our goal is to achieve a state of knowledge where the uncertainty about the patient's disease is…

The state-of-the-art named entity recognition (NER) systems are supervised machine learning models that require large amounts of manually annotated data to achieve high accuracy. However, annotating NER data by human is expensive and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Jian Ni , Georgiana Dinu , Radu Florian

The text of clinical notes can be a valuable source of patient information and clinical assessments. Historically, the primary approach for exploiting clinical notes has been information extraction: linking spans of text to concepts in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Sarah Wiegreffe , Edward Choi , Sherry Yan , Jimeng Sun , Jacob Eisenstein

Medical image annotation is essential for diagnosing diseases, yet manual annotation is time-consuming, costly, and prone to variability among experts. To address these challenges, we propose an automated explainable annotation system that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Basma Nasir , Tehseen Zia , Muhammad Nawaz , Catarina Moreira