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Related papers: Detecting Phishing sites Without Visiting them

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Phishing continues to pose a significant cybersecurity threat. While blocklists currently serve as a primary defense, due to their reactive, passive nature, these delayed responses leave phishing websites operational long enough to harm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Kyungchan Lim , Raffaele Sommese , Mattis Jonker , Ricky Mok , kc claffy , Doowon Kim

Phishing websites are a common phenomenon among Tor onion services, and phishers exploit that it is tremendously difficult to distinguish phishing from authentic onion domain names. Operators of onion services devised several strategies to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Benjamin Güldenring , Volker Roth

Phishing remains the most pervasive threat to the Web, enabling large-scale credential theft and financial fraud through deceptive webpages. While recent reference-based and generative-AI-driven phishing detectors achieve strong accuracy,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tailai Song , Pedro Casas , Michela Meo

In this paper, we present findings from a large-scale and long-term phishing experiment that we conducted in collaboration with a partner company. Our experiment ran for 15 months during which time more than 14,000 study participants…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Daniele Lain , Kari Kostiainen , Srdjan Capkun

Malicious websites are responsible for a majority of the cyber-attacks and scams today. Malicious URLs are delivered to unsuspecting users via email, text messages, pop-ups or advertisements. Clicking on or crawling such URLs can result in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Apoorva Joshi , Levi Lloyd , Paul Westin , Srini Seethapathy

Phishing continues to be one of the most prevalent attack vectors, making accurate classification of phishing URLs essential. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising results in phishing URL detection. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Holly Trikilis , Pasindu Marasinghe , Fariza Rashid , Suranga Seneviratne

The use of passwords and the need to protect passwords are not going away. The majority of websites that require authentication continue to support password authentication. Even high-security applications such as Internet Banking portals,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Teik Guan Tan , Pawel Szalachowski , Jianying Zhou

Prior work has extensively studied misinformation related to news, politics, and health, however, misinformation can also be about technological topics. While less controversial, such misinformation can severely impact companies'…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Mohit Singhal , Nihal Kumarswamy , Shreyasi Kinhekar , Shirin Nilizadeh

Phishing remains a pervasive and growing threat, inflicting heavy economic and reputational damage. While machine learning has been effective in real-time detection of phishing attacks, progress is hindered by lack of large, high-quality…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Thomas Dalton , Hemanth Gowda , Girish Rao , Sachin Pargi , Alireza Hadj Khodabakhshi , Joseph Rombs , Stephan Jou , Manish Marwah

Identifying deceptive content like phishing emails demands sophisticated cognitive processes that combine pattern recognition, confidence assessment, and contextual analysis. This research examines how human cognition and machine learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Paras Jain , Khushi Dhar , Olyemi E. Amujo , Esa M. Rantanen

Cyber attacks continue to pose significant threats to individuals and organizations, stealing sensitive data such as personally identifiable information, financial information, and login credentials. Hence, detecting malicious websites…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Saroj Gopali , Akbar S. Namin , Faranak Abri , Keith S. Jones

Browsers often include security features to detect phishing web pages. In the past, some browsers evaluated an unknown URL for inclusion in a list of known phishing pages. However, as the number of URLs and known phishing pages continued to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Pranav Maneriker , Jack W. Stokes , Edir Garcia Lazo , Diana Carutasu , Farid Tajaddodianfar , Arun Gururajan

Phishing attacks on enterprise employees present one of the most costly and potent threats to organizations. We explore an understudied facet of enterprise phishing attacks: the email relay infrastructure behind successfully delivered…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Elisa Luo , Liane Young , Grant Ho , M. H. Afifi , Marco Schweighauser , Ethan Katz-Bassett , Asaf Cidon

Spear Phishing is a type of cyber-attack where the attacker sends hyperlinks through email on well-researched targets. The objective is to obtain sensitive information by imitating oneself as a trustworthy website. In recent times, deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Sharif Amit Kamran , Shamik Sengupta , Alireza Tavakkoli

This paper compares the risk factors for becoming a victim of two types of phishing: high-tech phishing (using malicious software) and low-tech phishing (using e-mails and telephone calls). These risk factors are linked to possibilities for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-06-03 Eric Rutger Leukfeldt

Though the rapid development and spread of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) making people's life much more easier, on the other hand it causing some serious threats to the society. Phishing is one of the most common cyber…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-02-02 T. T. Dayaratne

Anti-phishing tools typically display generic warnings that offer users limited explanation on why a website is considered malicious, which can prevent end-users from developing the mental models needed to recognize phishing cues on their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Sayak Saha Roy , Cesar Torres , Shirin Nilizadeh

This paper reports on an experiment into text-based phishing detection using readily available resources and without the use of semantics. The developed algorithm is a modified version of previously published work that works with the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Gilchan Park , Julia M. Taylor

With the growth in digital transformation and Internet usage, the Social Engineering techniques such as Phishing have become a major concern for the users and the organizations. Phishing attacks involve deceptive techniques to trick users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Nikhil Kumar Dora , Sumit Kumar Tetarave , Rishikesh Sahay , Madhusudan Singh , Xiaoqing Li

Phishing constitutes more than 90\% of successful cyberattacks globally, remaining one of the most persistent threats to organizational security. Despite organizations tripling their cybersecurity budgets between 2015 and 2025, the human…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Rebeka Toth , Richard A. Dubniczky , Olga Limonova , Norbert Tihanyi