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We provide a new upper bound for the energy of graphs in terms of degrees and number of leaves. We apply this formula to study the energy of Erd\"os-R\'enyi graphs and Barabasi-Albert trees.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Octavio Arizmendi , Samuel Gurrola-Viramontes

The energy of a graph is the sum of the moduli of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. We study the energy of integral circulant graphs, also called gcd graphs, which can be characterized by their vertex count n and a set D of divisors…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-21 Jürgen W. Sander , Torsten Sander

The trace norm $\left\Vert G\right\Vert _{\ast}$ of a graph $G$ is the sum of its singular values, i.e., the absolute values of its eigenvalues. The norm $\left\Vert G\right\Vert _{\ast}$ has been intensively studied under the name of graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-31 V. Nikiforov

The energy of a graph $G$ is equal to the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of $G$ , which in turn is equal to the sum of the singular values of the adjacency matrix of $G$. Let $X$, $Y$ and $Z$ be matrices, such that $X+Y= Z$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-30 Reza Sharafdini , Alireza Ataei , Habibeh Panahbar

A complex unit gain graph ($ \mathbb{T} $-gain graph), $ \Phi=(G, \varphi) $ is a graph where the gain function $ \varphi $ assigns a unit complex number to each orientation of an edge of $ G $ and its inverse is assigned to the opposite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-29 Aniruddha Samanta , M. Rajesh Kannan

The energy of a vertex $v_i$ in a graph $G$ is defined as $\mathcal{E}_G(v_i) = |A|_{ii}$, where $A$ is the adjacency matrix of $G$, $A^*$ denotes the conjugate transpose of $A$, and $|A| = (AA^*)^{1/2}$. The total energy of the graph,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-19 H. M. Nagesh , U. Vijaya Chandra Kumar , N. Narahari

An extremal graph for a given graph $H$ is a graph with maximum number of edges on fixed number of vertices without containing a copy of $H$. The $k$-th power of a path is a graph obtained from a path and joining all pair of vertices of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-31 Long-Tu Yuan

Let $G$ be a simple undirected graph with adjacency matrix $A(G)$. The energy of $G$ is defined as the sum of absolute values of all eigenvalues of $A(G)$, which was introduced by Gutman in 1970s. Since graph energy has important chemical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-19 Xueliang Li , Huishu Lian

Let $\Gamma$ be a graph with the adjacency matrix $A$. The energy of $\Gamma$ is the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of $A$. In this article we compute the energies of the commuting graphs of some finite groups and discuss…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-30 Reza Sharafdini , Rajat Kanti Nath , Rezvan Darbandi

The energy of a graph was introduced by {\sc Gutman} in 1978 as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. We study the energy of integral circulant graphs, also called gcd graphs, which can be characterized…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-09-19 J. W. Sander , T. Sander

We give a new inequality between the energy of a graph and a weighted sum over the edges of the graph. Using this inequality we prove that $\mathcal{E}(G)\geq 2R(H)$, where $ \mathcal{E}(G)$ is the energy of a graph $G$ and $R(H)$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-07 Gerardo Arizmendi , Diego Huerta

For a given simple graph $G$, the energy of $G$, denoted by $E(G)$, is defined as the sum of the absolute values of all eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. Let $P_n^{\ell}$ be the unicyclic graph obtained by connecting a vertex of $C_\ell$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-02-18 Bofeng Huo , Xueliang Li , Yongtang Shi

Call the sum of the singular values of a matrix A the energy of A. We investigate graphs and matrices of energy close to the maximal one. We prove a conjecture of Koolen and Moulten and give a stability theorem characterizing all square…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vladimir Nikiforov

In this paper we introduce a parameter $Mm(G)$, defined as the maximum over the minimal multiplicities of eigenvalues among all symmetric matrices corresponding to a graph $G$. We compute $Mm(G)$ for several families of graphs.

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-17 Polona Oblak , Helena Šmigoc

For a simple graph $G$, the energy $\mathcal{E}(G)$ is defined as the sum of the absolute values of all the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix $A(G)$. Let $n, m$, respectively, be the number of vertices and edges of $G$. One well-known…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-23 Xueliang Li , Yiyang Li , Yongtang Shi

Graph energy has been widely investigated in spectral graph theory. However, the manner in which this energy is distributed among individual vertices has received attention only more recently, following the introduction of energy of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Harshitha A , Madhumitha K , Sabitha D'Souza

The matching energy of a graph was introduced by Gutman and Wagner, which is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the roots of the matching polynomial of the graph. For the random graph $G_{n,p}$ of order $n$ with fixed probability…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-31 Xiaolin Chen , Xueliang Li , Huishu Lian

Circulant graphs are an important class of interconnection networks in parallel and distributed computing. Integral circulant graphs play an important role in modeling quantum spin networks supporting the perfect state transfer as well. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-09-13 Aleksandar Ilic , Milan Basic

A $\mathbb{T}$-gain graph, $\Phi = (G, \varphi)$, is a graph in which the function $\varphi$ assigns a unit complex number to each orientation of an edge, and its inverse is assigned to the opposite orientation. The associated adjacency…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-19 Aniruddha Samanta , M. Rajesh Kannan

The energy $E(G)$ of a simple graph $G$ is the sum of absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. A borderenergetic graph of order $n \in \mathbb{N}$ is any noncomplete graph~$G$ such that $E(G) = E(K_n) = 2n - 2$. Here we…