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Deep learning (DL) has substantially enhanced natural language processing (NLP) in healthcare research. However, the increasing complexity of DL-based NLP necessitates transparent model interpretability, or at least explainability, for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Guangming Huang , Yingya Li , Shoaib Jameel , Yunfei Long , Giorgos Papanastasiou

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has experienced a significant growth over the last few years. This is due to the widespread application of machine learning, particularly deep learning, that has led to the development of highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Giulia Vilone , Luca Longo

Why do explainable AI (XAI) explanations in radiology, despite their promise of transparency, still fail to gain human trust? Current XAI approaches provide justification for predictions, however, these do not meet practitioners' needs.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Robert Kaufman , David Kirsh

With the increasing availability of structured and unstructured data and the swift progress of analytical techniques, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is bringing a revolution to the healthcare industry. With the increasingly indispensable role…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Devam Dave , Het Naik , Smiti Singhal , Pankesh Patel

Would you trust physicians if they cannot explain their decisions to you? Medical diagnostics using machine learning gained enormously in importance within the last decade. However, without further enhancements many state-of-the-art machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Emanuel Slany , Yannik Ott , Stephan Scheele , Jan Paulus , Ute Schmid

Deep neural networks have become increasingly popular for analyzing ECG data because of their ability to accurately identify cardiac conditions and hidden clinical factors. However, the lack of transparency due to the black box nature of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-03 Patrick Wagner , Temesgen Mehari , Wilhelm Haverkamp , Nils Strodthoff

As the field of healthcare increasingly adopts artificial intelligence, it becomes important to understand which types of explanations increase transparency and empower users to develop confidence and trust in the predictions made by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Felix Liedeker , Olivia Sanchez-Graillet , Moana Seidler , Christian Brandt , Jörg Wellmer , Philipp Cimiano

Explainable AI (XAI) techniques are necessary to help clinicians make sense of AI predictions and integrate predictions into their decision-making workflow. In this work, we conduct a survey study to understand clinician preference among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Jun Hou , Lucy Lu Wang

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and deadliest skin cancers, leading to mortality if not detected and treated in the early stages. Artificial intelligence techniques have recently been developed to help dermatologists in the early…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Wadduwage Shanika Perera , ABM Islam , Van Vung Pham , Min Kyung An

A longstanding challenge surrounding deep learning algorithms is unpacking and understanding how they make their decisions. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) offers methods to provide explanations of internal functions of algorithms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Amin Nayebi , Sindhu Tipirneni , Brandon Foreman , Chandan K. Reddy , Vignesh Subbian

The past decade has seen significant progress in artificial intelligence (AI), which has resulted in algorithms being adopted for resolving a variety of problems. However, this success has been met by increasing model complexity and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Waddah Saeed , Christian Omlin

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a critical tool for interpreting the predictions of complex deep learning models. While XAI has been increasingly applied in various domains within acoustics, its use in bioacoustics,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zubair Faruqui , Mackenzie S. McIntire , Rahul Dubey , Jay McEntee

Explainable Deep Learning has gained significant attention in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in domains such as medical imaging, where accurate and interpretable machine learning models are crucial for effective…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-11 Subhashis Suara , Aayush Jha , Pratik Sinha , Arif Ahmed Sekh

With the availability of large databases and recent improvements in deep learning methodology, the performance of AI systems is reaching or even exceeding the human level on an increasing number of complex tasks. Impressive examples of this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Wojciech Samek , Thomas Wiegand , Klaus-Robert Müller

Machine learning (ML) has rapidly advanced in recent years, revolutionizing fields such as finance, medicine, and cybersecurity. In malware detection, ML-based approaches have demonstrated high accuracy; however, their lack of transparency…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Harikha Manthena , Shaghayegh Shajarian , Jeffrey Kimmell , Mahmoud Abdelsalam , Sajad Khorsandroo , Maanak Gupta

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made leapfrogs in development across all the industrial sectors especially when deep learning has been introduced. Deep learning helps to learn the behaviour of an entity through methods of recognising and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Qinghao Ye , Jun Xia , Guang Yang

The lack of explainability of a decision from an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based "black box" system/model, despite its superiority in many real-world applications, is a key stumbling block for adopting AI in many high stakes applications…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Sheikh Rabiul Islam , William Eberle , Sheikh Khaled Ghafoor , Mohiuddin Ahmed

Deep learning has been successfully applied to medical image segmentation, enabling accurate identification of regions of interest such as organs and lesions. This approach works effectively across diverse datasets, including those with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-08 Tianyi Ren , Juampablo Heras Rivera , Hitender Oswal , Yutong Pan , Agamdeep Chopra , Jacob Ruzevick , Mehmet Kurt

The Deep learning (DL) models for diagnosing breast cancer from mammographic images often operate as "black boxes", making it difficult for healthcare professionals to trust and understand their decision-making processes. The study presents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Maryam Ahmed , Tooba Bibi , Rizwan Ahmed Khan , Sidra Nasir

The healthcare industry has been revolutionized by the convergence of Artificial Intelligence of Medical Things (AIoMT), allowing advanced data-driven solutions to improve healthcare systems. With the increasing complexity of Artificial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Al Amin , Kamrul Hasan , Saleh Zein-Sabatto , Deo Chimba , Imtiaz Ahmed , Tariqul Islam