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Industry-scale recommender systems face a core challenge: representing entities with high cardinality, such as users or items, using dense embeddings that must be accessible during both training and inference. However, as embedding sizes…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Petr Kasalický , Martin Spišák , Vojtěch Vančura , Daniel Bohuněk , Rodrigo Alves , Pavel Kordík

Recommender system models often represent various sparse features like users, items, and categorical features via embeddings. A standard approach is to map each unique feature value to an embedding vector. The size of the produced embedding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Wang-Cheng Kang , Derek Zhiyuan Cheng , Ting Chen , Xinyang Yi , Dong Lin , Lichan Hong , Ed H. Chi

A deep learning system typically suffers from a lack of reproducibility that is partially rooted in hardware or software implementation details. The irreproducibility leads to skepticism in deep learning technologies and it can hinder them…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jiahao Pang , Muhammad Asad Lodhi , Junghyun Ahn , Yuning Huang , Dong Tian

Deep learning has emerged as a powerful method for extracting valuable information from large volumes of data. However, when new training data arrives continuously (i.e., is not fully available from the beginning), incremental training…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Thomas Bouvier , Bogdan Nicolae , Hugo Chaugier , Alexandru Costan , Ian Foster , Gabriel Antoniu

Deep learning recommendation systems must provide high quality, personalized content under strict tail-latency targets and high system loads. This paper presents RecPipe, a system to jointly optimize recommendation quality and inference…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Udit Gupta , Samuel Hsia , Jeff Zhang , Mark Wilkening , Javin Pombra , Hsien-Hsin S. Lee , Gu-Yeon Wei , Carole-Jean Wu , David Brooks

Scale of data and scale of computation infrastructures together enable the current deep learning renaissance. However, training large-scale deep architectures demands both algorithmic improvement and careful system configuration. In this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-09-21 Shang-Xuan Zou , Chun-Yen Chen , Jui-Lin Wu , Chun-Nan Chou , Chia-Chin Tsao , Kuan-Chieh Tung , Ting-Wei Lin , Cheng-Lung Sung , Edward Y. Chang

Personalized recommendation systems leverage deep learning models and account for the majority of data center AI cycles. Their performance is dominated by memory-bound sparse embedding operations with unique irregular memory access patterns…

Deep learning based recommendation systems form the backbone of most personalized cloud services. Though the computer architecture community has recently started to take notice of deep recommendation inference, the resulting solutions have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Samuel Hsia , Udit Gupta , Mark Wilkening , Carole-Jean Wu , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks

Computational imaging systems jointly design computation and hardware to retrieve information which is not traditionally accessible with standard imaging systems. Recently, critical aspects such as experimental design and image priors are…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-13 Michael Kellman , Jon Tamir , Emrah Boston , Michael Lustig , Laura Waller

Recommendation systems are of crucial importance for a variety of modern apps and web services, such as news feeds, social networks, e-commerce, search, etc. To achieve peak prediction accuracy, modern recommendation models combine deep…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Yingcan Wei , Matthias Langer , Fan Yu , Minseok Lee , Kingsley Liu , Jerry Shi , Joey Wang

Graph embedding techniques have attracted growing interest since they convert the graph data into continuous and low-dimensional space. Effective graph analytic provides users a deeper understanding of what is behind the data and thus can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Azita Nouri , Philip E. Davis , Pradeep Subedi , Manish Parashar

Given its high integration density, high speed, byte addressability, and low standby power, non-volatile or persistent memory is expected to supplement/replace DRAM as main memory. Through persistency programming models (which define…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Zhen Lin , Mohammad Alshboul , Yan Solihin , Huiyang Zhou

We study embedding table placement for distributed recommender systems, which aims to partition and place the tables on multiple hardware devices (e.g., GPUs) to balance the computation and communication costs. Although prior work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Daochen Zha , Louis Feng , Qiaoyu Tan , Zirui Liu , Kwei-Herng Lai , Bhargav Bhushanam , Yuandong Tian , Arun Kejariwal , Xia Hu

Recommendation models rely on deep learning networks and large embedding tables, resulting in computationally and memory-intensive processes. These models are typically trained using hybrid CPU-GPU or GPU-only configurations. The hybrid…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Muhammad Adnan , Yassaman Ebrahimzadeh Maboud , Divya Mahajan , Prashant J. Nair

Scalability is a major challenge in modern recommender systems. In sequential recommendations, full Cross-Entropy (CE) loss achieves state-of-the-art recommendation quality but consumes excessive GPU memory with large item catalogs,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Danil Gusak , Gleb Mezentsev , Ivan Oseledets , Evgeny Frolov

The increasing complexity of deep learning recommendation models (DLRM) has led to a growing need for large-scale distributed systems that can efficiently train vast amounts of data. In DLRM, the sparse embedding table is a crucial…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Xin Zhang , Quanyu Zhu , Liangbei Xu , Zain Huda , Wang Zhou , Jin Fang , Dennis van der Staay , Yuxi Hu , Jade Nie , Jiyan Yang , Chunzhi Yang

Despite the data-rich environment in which memory systems of modern computing platforms operate, many state-of-the-art architectural policies employed in the memory system rely on static, human-designed heuristics that fail to truly adapt…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Rahul Bera , Rakesh Nadig , Onur Mutlu

Current AI training infrastructure is dominated by single instruction multiple data (SIMD) and systolic array architectures, such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), that excel at accelerating parallel…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Jan Finkbeiner , Thomas Gmeinder , Mark Pupilli , Alexander Titterton , Emre Neftci

Larger deep learning models usually lead to higher model quality with an ever-increasing GPU memory footprint. Although tensor checkpointing techniques have been proposed to enable training under a restricted GPU memory budget, the input…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Jianjin Liao , Mingzhen Li , Qingxiao Sun , Jiwei Hao , Fengwei Yu , Shengdong Chen , Ye Tao , Zicheng Zhang , Hailong Yang , Zhongzhi Luan , Depei Qian

One of the major bottlenecks for efficient deployment of neural network based recommendation systems is the memory footprint of their embedding tables. Although many neural network based recommendation systems could benefit from the faster…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Lutfi Eren Erdogan , Vijay Anand Raghava Kanakagiri , Kurt Keutzer , Zhen Dong