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We study the organization of topological defects in a system of nematogens confined to the two-dimensional sphere (S^2). We first perform Monte Carlo simulations of a fluid system of hard rods (spherocylinders) living in the tangent plane…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-13 Homin Shin , Mark J. Bowick , Xiangjun Xing

Topological defects in nematically aligned cell populations play a critical role in modulating collective motion, from microbial colonies to epithelial tissues. Despite the potential of manipulating such topological defects to control…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-07-25 Ryo Ienaga , Kazusa Beppu , Yusuke T. Maeda

We study the phase behaviour of cholesteric liquid crystal shells with different geometries. We compare the cases of tangential and no anchoring at the surface, focussing on the former case, which leads to a competition between the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-03-01 Giuseppe Negro , Livio Nicola Carenza , Giuseppe Gonnella , Davide Marenduzzo , Enzo Orlandini

The interplay of topological defects with curvature is studied for out-of-surface magnetic vortices in thin spherical nanoshells. In the case of easy-surface Heisenberg magnet it is shown that the curvature of the underlying surface leads…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2013-06-10 Volodymyr P. Kravchuk , Denis D. Sheka , Robert Streubel , Denys Makarov , Oliver G. Schmidt , Yuri Gaididei

We analyze numerically the critical properties of a two-dimensional discretized random surface with extrinsic curvature embedded in a three-dimensional space. The use of the toroidal topology enables us to enforce the non-zero external…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2009-10-22 J. Ambjorn , A , Irback , J. Jurkiewicz , B. Petersson

Inspired by recent experiments that highlight the role of nematic defects in the morphogenesis of epithelial tissues, we develop a minimal framework to study the dynamics of an active curved surface driven by its nematic texture. Allowing…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-09-14 Farzan Vafa , L. Mahadevan

Starting from a three-dimensional description of an active nematic layer, we employ an asymptotic theory to derive a series of low-dimensional continuum models that capture the coupled dynamics of flat and curved films, including variations…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-06-23 Mehrana R. Nejad , L. Mahadevan

We investigate a counterintuitive geometric interaction between defects and curvature in thin layers of superfluids, superconductors and liquid crystals deposited on curved surfaces. Each defect feels a geometric potential whose functional…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-10 Vincenzo Vitelli , Ari Turner

From incompressible flows to electrostatics, harmonic functions can provide solutions to many two-dimensional problems and, similarly, the director field of a planar nematic can be determined using complex analysis. We derive a closed-form…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-12-03 Simon Čopar , Žiga Kos

We study the interaction effect in a three dimensional Dirac semimetal and find that two competing orders, charge-density-wave orders and nematic orders, can be induced to gap the Dirac points. Applying a magnetic field can further induce…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-05-10 Rui-Xing Zhang , Jimmy A. Hutasoit , Yan Sun , Binghai Yan , Cenke Xu , Chao-Xing Liu

We investigate the dynamics of active nematic liquid crystals on deformable membranes, focusing on the interplay between active stress and anisotropic curvature coupling. Using a minimal model, we simulate the coupled evolution of the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-19 Yuki Hirota , Nariya Uchida

We found that non-magnetic defects in two-dimensional topological insulators induce bound states of two kinds for each spin orientation: electron- and hole-like states. Depending on the sign of the defect potential these states can be also…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-02-17 Vladimir A. Sablikov , Aleksei A. Sukhanov

We develop an approximate, analytical model for the velocity of defects in active nematics by combining recent results for the velocity of topological defects in nematic liquid crystals with the flow field generated from individual defects…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-11-27 Cody D. Schimming , C. J. O. Reichhardt , C. Reichhardt

Topological defects play a pivotal role in the physics of liquid crystals and represent one of the most prominent and well studied aspects of mesophases. While in two-dimensional nematics, disclinations are traditionally treated as…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-07-28 Arthur J. Vromans , Luca Giomi

Defects are a ubiquitous feature of ordered media. They have certain universal features, independent of the underlying physical system, reflecting their topological origins. While the topological properties of defects are robust, they…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-02-24 Chiqun Zhang , Amit Acharya , Alan C. Newell , Shankar C. Venkataramani

Using the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, we present a general description of topological defects dynamics in $p$-atic materials on curved surfaces, and simplify it in the case of active nematics. We find that activity induces a geometric…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-08-02 Farzan Vafa , David R. Nelson , Amin Doostmohammadi

Living materials at different length scales manifest active nematic features such as orientational order, nematic topological defects, and active nematic turbulence. Using numerical simulations we investigate the impact of fluid inertia on…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-08-10 Roozbeh Saghatchi , Mehmet Yildiz , Amin Doostmohammadi

There are two prominent applications of the mathematical concept of topology to the physics of materials: band topology, which classifies different topological insulators and semimetals, and topological defects that represent immutable…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-08-11 Zhi-Kang Lin , Qiang Wang , Yang Liu , Haoran Xue , Baile Zhang , Yidong Chong , Jian-Hua Jiang

We propose a general formalism to characterize orientational frustration of smectic liquid crystals in confinement by interpreting the emerging networks of grain boundaries as objects with a topological charge. In a formal idealization,…

Point-like motile topological defects control the universal dynamics of diverse two-dimensional active nematics ranging from shaken granular rods to cellular monolayers. A comparable understanding in higher dimensions has yet to emerge. We…