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The issue of hate speech extends beyond the confines of the online realm. It is a problem with real-life repercussions, prompting most nations to formulate legal frameworks that classify hate speech as a punishable offence. These legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Katerina Korre , John Pavlopoulos , Paolo Gajo , Alberto Barrón-Cedeño

Social media and the internet have become an integral part of how people spread and consume information. Over a period of time, social media evolved dramatically, and almost half of the population is using social media to express their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Anjum , Rahul Katarya

The damaging effects of hate speech on social media are evident during the last few years, and several organizations, researchers and social media platforms tried to harness them in various ways. Despite these efforts, social media users…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Polychronis Charitidis , Stavros Doropoulos , Stavros Vologiannidis , Ioannis Papastergiou , Sophia Karakeva

Offensive or antagonistic language targeted at individuals and social groups based on their personal characteristics (also known as cyber hate speech or cyberhate) has been frequently posted and widely circulated viathe World Wide Web. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-09 Wafa Alorainy , Pete Burnap , Han Liu , Matthew Williams

Research on harmful meme detection has garnered significant attention, resulting in the development of numerous datasets and methods. However, progress in detecting Chinese harmful memes lags considerably, primarily due to two challenges:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Weiming Wang , Junyu Lu , Han Wang , Xiaokun Zhang , Zewen Bai , Bo Xu , Liang Yang , Hongfei Lin

Online hate speech is an important issue that breaks the cohesiveness of online social communities and even raises public safety concerns in our societies. Motivated by this rising issue, researchers have developed many traditional machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Rui Cao , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Tuan-Anh Hoang

Memes have evolved as a prevalent medium for diverse communication, ranging from humour to propaganda. With the rising popularity of image-focused content, there is a growing need to explore its potential harm from different aspects.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Siddhant Agarwal , Shivam Sharma , Preslav Nakov , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Anti-Muslim hate speech has emerged within memes, characterized by context-dependent and rhetorical messages using text and images that seemingly mimic humor but convey Islamophobic sentiments. This work presents a novel dataset and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 S M Jishanul Islam , Sahid Hossain Mustakim , Sadia Ahmmed , Md. Faiyaz Abdullah Sayeedi , Swapnil Khandoker , Syed Tasdid Azam Dhrubo , Nahid Hossain

This work investigates the challenging task of identifying narrative roles - Hero, Villain, Victim, and Other - in Internet memes, across three diverse test sets spanning English and code-mixed (English-Hindi) languages. Building on an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Shivam Sharma , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Meme is an interesting word. Internet memes offer unique insights into the changes in our perception of the world, the media and our own lives. If you surf the Internet for long enough, you will see it somewhere on the Internet. With the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Zhiyuan Liu , Chuanzheng Sun , Yuxin Jiang , Shiqi Jiang , Mei Ming

Social media is an essential gateway of information and communication for people worldwide. The amount of time spent and reliance of people on social media makes it a vital resource for detecting events happening in real life. Thousands of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-04-05 M. Luqman Jamil , Sebastião Pais , João Cordeiro

Communication on social media platforms is not only culturally and politically relevant, it is also increasingly widespread across societies. Users not only communicate via social media platforms, but also search specifically for…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Dennis Klinkhammer

Online social media has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its ease of access and ability to connect with others. One of social media's main draws is its anonymity, allowing users to share their thoughts and opinions without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Vigneshwaran Shankaran , Rajesh Sharma

Disclaimer: This paper is concerned with violent online harassment. To describe the subject at an adequate level of realism, examples of our collected tweets involve violent, threatening, vulgar and hateful speech language in the context of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Mohammadreza Rezvan , Saeedeh Shekarpour , Faisal Alshargi , Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan , Valerie L. Shalin , Amit Sheth

Hateful rhetoric is plaguing online discourse, fostering extreme societal movements and possibly giving rise to real-world violence. A potential solution to this growing global problem is citizen-generated counter speech where citizens…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Joshua Garland , Keyan Ghazi-Zahedi , Jean-Gabriel Young , Laurent Hébert-Dufresne , Mirta Galesic

Numerous machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL)-based approaches have been proposed to utilize textual data from social media for anti-social behavior analysis like cyberbullying, fake news detection, and identification of hate speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Md. Rezaul Karim , Sumon Kanti Dey , Tanhim Islam , Md. Shajalal , Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi

Memes are a popular element of modern web communication, used not only as static artifacts but also as interactive replies within conversations. While computational research has focused on analyzing the intrinsic properties of memes, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ryosuke Kohita , Seiichiro Yoshioka

With the continuous growth of internet users and media content, it is very hard to track down hateful speech in audio and video. Converting video or audio into text does not detect hate speech accurately as human sometimes uses hateful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Fariha Tahosin Boishakhi , Ponkoj Chandra Shill , Md. Golam Rabiul Alam

The rise of social media platforms has brought about a new digital culture called memes. Memes, which combine visuals and text, can strongly influence public opinions on social and cultural issues. As a result, people have become interested…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Ming Shan Hee , Aditi Kumaresan , Nguyen Khoi Hoang , Nirmalendu Prakash , Rui Cao , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Hateful meme classification is a challenging multimodal task that requires complex reasoning and contextual background knowledge. Ideally, we could leverage an explicit external knowledge base to supplement contextual and cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Rui Cao , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Wen-Haw Chong , Jing Jiang