Related papers: Cyclotron Beam Extraction by Acceleration
We discuss the principle possibility of stripping extraction in combination with reverse bends in isochronous separate sector cyclotrons (and/or FFAGs). If one uses reverse bends between the sectors (instead of drifts) and places stripper…
This paper reviews the important physical and technological aspects of cyclotrons for the acceleration of high-intensity beams. Special emphasis is given to the discussion of beam loss mechanisms and extraction schemes.
Stripping extraction of hydrogen molecular ions has gained interest in the cyclotron industry due to its high extraction efficiency. However, the magnetic field could result in undesired Lorentz dissociation of the hydrogen anion/molecular…
A new approach to the development of extraction systems capable of forming ion beams with previously inaccessible intensity is proposed. The use of inhomogeneous accelerating field allows to improve the ion beam formation efficiency…
This paper gives an overview of the beam injection and extraction principles for accelerators. After a brief general introduction, it explains different methods of injecting the beam for hadron and lepton machines. It describes single- and…
Classical, isochronous, and synchro-cyclotrons are introduced. Transverse and longitudinal beam dynamics in these accelerators are covered. The problem of vertical focusing and iscochronism in compact isochronous cyclotrons is treated in…
This chapter gives an introduction to low-energy beam transport systems, and discusses the typically used magnetostatic elements (solenoid, dipoles and quadrupoles) and electrostatic elements (einzel lens, dipoles and quadrupoles). The ion…
There is great need for high intensity proton beams from compact particle accelerators in particle physics, medical isotope production, and materials- and energy-research. To address this need, we present, for the first time, a design for a…
Negative hydrogen ions are often used for injecting protons from linacs to storage rings via charge-exchange injection. In this process, the two electrons are stripped by a foil or laser to produce protons which can be merged with an…
Radio frequency knock out resonant slow extraction is a standard method for extracting stored particle beams from synchrotrons by transverse excitation. Excitation signals comprising many betatron sidebands have shown to reduce intensity…
A recent study [1] has introduced an advanced method aimed at extracting from a circular particle accelerator over millions of turns using stable islands and a bent crystal. This technique leverages the strength of non-linear beam dynamics…
Beam stripping losses of H- ion beams by interactions with residual gas and electromagnetic fields are evaluated. These processes play an important role in compact cyclotrons where the beam is produced on an internal ion source, and they…
Ion extraction from DECRIS-PM source is simulated by using initial distributions of ions at the extraction aperture obtained with NAM-ECRIS code. Three-dimensional calculations of plasma emissive surface are done and ions are traced in the…
This paper presents the physical background for particle extraction from IHEP accelerator using short bent silicon crystals, analyses the results of the studies, considers in detail the regime of simultaneous work of crystal extraction and…
Radio Frequency Knock Out resonant slow extraction is a standard method for extracting stored particle beams from synchrotrons by transverse excitation. Classically, the beam is excited with an RF field comprising a frequency band around…
Beam loss is a critical issue in high-intensity accelerators, and much effort is expended during both the design and operation phases to minimize the loss and to keep it to manageable levels. As new accelerators become ever more powerful,…
Gas stopping is becoming the method of choice for converting beams of rare isotopes obtained via projectile fragmentation and in-flight separation into low-energy beams. These beams allow ISOL-type experiments, such as mass measurements…
Crossing a horizontal nonlinear resonance is the approach that can be used to split a beam in several beamlets with the goal to perform multi-turn extraction from a circular particle accelerator. Such an approach has been successfully…
A proof-of-principle experimental setup for the extraction of 6 GeV electrons from the DESY II Booster Synchrotron using the channeling effect in a bent crystal is elaborated. Various aspects of the experimental setup were investigated in…
In particle therapy with protons a cyclotron is one of the most used particle accelerators. Here it will be explained how a cyclotron works, some beam dynamics aspects, its major subsystems, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of a…