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The generative adversarial network (GAN) is a well-known model for learning high-dimensional distributions, but the mechanism for its generalization ability is not understood. In particular, GAN is vulnerable to the memorization phenomenon,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Hongkang Yang , Weinan E

Algorithms often have tunable parameters that impact performance metrics such as runtime and solution quality. For many algorithms used in practice, no parameter settings admit meaningful worst-case bounds, so the parameters are made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Maria-Florina Balcan , Dan DeBlasio , Travis Dick , Carl Kingsford , Tuomas Sandholm , Ellen Vitercik

In this work we investigate the reasons why Batch Normalization (BN) improves the generalization performance of deep networks. We argue that one major reason, distinguishing it from data-independent normalization methods, is randomness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Alexander Shekhovtsov , Boris Flach

Normalization layers (e.g., Batch Normalization, Layer Normalization) were introduced to help with optimization difficulties in very deep nets, but they clearly also help generalization, even in not-so-deep nets. Motivated by the long-held…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Kaifeng Lyu , Zhiyuan Li , Sanjeev Arora

Regularization can mitigate the generalization gap between training and inference by introducing inductive bias. Existing works have already proposed various inductive biases from diverse perspectives. However, none of them explores…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Qiang Fu , Lun Du , Haitao Mao , Xu Chen , Wei Fang , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

It is by now well-established that modern over-parameterized models seem to elude the bias-variance tradeoff and generalize well despite overfitting noise. Many recent works attempt to analyze this phenomenon in the relatively tractable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Daniel Barzilai , Ohad Shamir

We show generalisation error bounds for deep learning with two main improvements over the state of the art. (1) Our bounds have no explicit dependence on the number of classes except for logarithmic factors. This holds even when formulating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Antoine Ledent , Waleed Mustafa , Yunwen Lei , Marius Kloft

When engagement with a randomized trial is driven by factors that affect the outcome or when trial engagement directly affects the outcome independent of treatment, the average treatment effect among trial participants is unlikely to…

Training neural networks is an optimization problem, and finding a decent set of parameters through gradient descent can be a difficult task. A host of techniques has been developed to aid this process before and during the training phase.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Divya Gaur , Joachim Folz , Andreas Dengel

Despite the increasing relevance of forecasting methods, causal implications of these algorithms remain largely unexplored. This is concerning considering that, even under simplifying assumptions such as causal sufficiency, the statistical…

Machine learning models trained by different optimization algorithms under different data distributions can exhibit distinct generalization behaviors. In this paper, we analyze the generalization of models trained by noisy iterative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-29 Hao Wang , Rui Gao , Flavio P. Calmon

Batch normalization is currently the most widely used variant of internal normalization for deep neural networks. Additional work has shown that the normalization of weights and additional conditioning as well as the normalization of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Wolfgang Fuhl , Enkelejda Kasneci

Scientists frequently generalize population level causal quantities such as average treatment effect from a source population to a target population. When the causal effects are heterogeneous, differences in subject characteristics between…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-16 Rui Chen , Guanhua Chen , Menggang Yu

In this work we study generalization of neural networks in gradient-based meta-learning by analyzing various properties of the objective landscapes. We experimentally demonstrate that as meta-training progresses, the meta-test solutions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Simon Guiroy , Vikas Verma , Christopher Pal

Aimed at explaining the surprisingly good generalization behavior of overparameterized deep networks, recent works have developed a variety of generalization bounds for deep learning, all based on the fundamental learning-theoretic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Vaishnavh Nagarajan , J. Zico Kolter

We study in this paper lower bounds for the generalization error of models derived from multi-layer neural networks, in the regime where the size of the layers is commensurate with the number of samples in the training data. We show that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-08 Inbar Seroussi , Ofer Zeitouni

We study the effect of normalization on the layers of deep neural networks of feed-forward type. A given layer $i$ with $N_{i}$ hidden units is allowed to be normalized by $1/N_{i}^{\gamma_{i}}$ with $\gamma_{i}\in[1/2,1]$ and we study the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Jiahui Yu , Konstantinos Spiliopoulos

We investigate the generalizability of deep learning based on the sensitivity to input perturbation. We hypothesize that the high sensitivity to the perturbation of data degrades the performance on it. To reduce the sensitivity to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-06-01 Yuichi Yoshida , Takeru Miyato

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful tools for learning on structured data, yet the relationship between their expressivity and predictive performance remains unclear. We introduce a family of premetrics that capture different degrees…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Sohir Maskey , Raffaele Paolino , Fabian Jogl , Gitta Kutyniok , Johannes F. Lutzeyer

One fundamental goal in any learning algorithm is to mitigate its risk for overfitting. Mathematically, this requires that the learning algorithm enjoys a small generalization risk, which is defined either in expectation or in probability.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-04 Ibrahim Alabdulmohsin