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Systematic generalization is the ability to combine known parts into novel meaning; an important aspect of efficient human learning, but a weakness of neural network learning. In this work, we investigate how two well-known modeling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Laura Ruis , Brenden Lake

Batch Normalization is a commonly used trick to improve the training of deep neural networks. These neural networks use L2 regularization, also called weight decay, ostensibly to prevent overfitting. However, we show that L2 regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-19 Twan van Laarhoven

We consider the problem of learning Bayesian network classifiers that maximize the marginover a set of classification variables. We find that this problem is harder for Bayesian networks than for undirected graphical models like maximum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-09 Yuhong Guo , Dana Wilkinson , Dale Schuurmans

Regularized models are often sensitive to the scales of the features in the data and it has therefore become standard practice to normalize (center and scale) the features before fitting the model. But there are many different ways to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-04 Johan Larsson , Jonas Wallin

Hypergraph neural networks have been promising tools for handling learning tasks involving higher-order data, with notable applications in web graphs, such as modeling multi-way hyperlink structures and complex user interactions. Yet, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yifan Wang , Gonzalo R. Arce , Guangmo Tong

Estimating causal effects from observational network data is a significant but challenging problem. Existing works in causal inference for observational network data lack an analysis of the generalization bound, which can theoretically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Ruichu Cai , Zeqin Yang , Weilin Chen , Yuguang Yan , Zhifeng Hao

Background: Deep learning models are typically trained using stochastic gradient descent or one of its variants. These methods update the weights using their gradient, estimated from a small fraction of the training data. It has been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-03 Elad Hoffer , Itay Hubara , Daniel Soudry

Batch Normalization (BN) improves both convergence and generalization in training neural networks. This work understands these phenomena theoretically. We analyze BN by using a basic block of neural networks, consisting of a kernel layer, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Ping Luo , Xinjiang Wang , Wenqi Shao , Zhanglin Peng

Recent works have cast some light on the mystery of why deep nets fit any data and generalize despite being very overparametrized. This paper analyzes training and generalization for a simple 2-layer ReLU net with random initialization, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Sanjeev Arora , Simon S. Du , Wei Hu , Zhiyuan Li , Ruosong Wang

Variational inference with a factorized Gaussian posterior estimate is a widely used approach for learning parameters and hidden variables. Empirically, a regularizing effect can be observed that is poorly understood. In this work, we show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Julius Kunze , Louis Kirsch , Hippolyt Ritter , David Barber

In this article, we study rates of convergence of the generalization error of multi-class margin classifiers. In particular, we develop an upper bound theory quantifying the generalization error of various large margin classifiers. The…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-11-10 Xiaotong Shen , Lifeng Wang

Recent theoretical results show that gradient descent on deep neural networks under exponential loss functions locally maximizes classification margin, which is equivalent to minimizing the norm of the weight matrices under margin…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Andrzej Banburski , Fernanda De La Torre , Nishka Pant , Ishana Shastri , Tomaso Poggio

Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) is a popular method to generate adversarial examples that make neural network models robust against perturbations. Despite its empirical success, its theoretical property is not well understood. This paper…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-31 Chandler Zuo

The generalization of machine learning models has a complex dependence on the data, model and learning algorithm. We study train and test performance, as well as the generalization gap given by the mean of their difference over different…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-29 Carlos A. Gomez-Uribe

Batch normalization is widely used in deep learning to normalize intermediate activations. Deep networks suffer from notoriously increased training complexity, mandating careful initialization of weights, requiring lower learning rates,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-19 Lakshmi Annamalai , Chetan Singh Thakur

The normal distribution plays a central role in information theory - it is at the same time the best-case signal and worst-case noise distribution, has the greatest representational capacity of any distribution, and offers an equivalence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Daniel Eftekhari , Vardan Papyan

In this paper we study the generalization capabilities of fully-connected neural networks trained in the context of time series forecasting. Time series do not satisfy the typical assumption in statistical learning theory of the data being…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-30 Anastasia Borovykh , Cornelis W. Oosterlee , Sander M. Bohte

Generalization of deep neural networks remains one of the main open problems in machine learning. Previous theoretical works focused on deriving tight bounds of model complexity, while empirical works revealed that neural networks exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 James Wang , Cheng-Lin Yang

In recent years, a variety of normalization methods have been proposed to help train neural networks, such as batch normalization (BN), layer normalization (LN), weight normalization (WN), group normalization (GN), etc. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Jiacheng Sun , Xiangyong Cao , Hanwen Liang , Weiran Huang , Zewei Chen , Zhenguo Li

Several important complex network measures that helped discovering common patterns across real-world networks ignore edge weights, an important information in real-world networks. We propose a new methodology for generalizing measures of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-01-22 Sherief Abdallah