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Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) is one essential step in building a dialogue system. Due to the expensive cost of obtaining the labeled data, SLU suffers from the data scarcity problem. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Haitao Lin , Lu Xiang , Yu Zhou , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

Slot labeling (SL) is a core component of task-oriented dialogue (ToD) systems, where slots and corresponding values are usually language-, task- and domain-specific. Therefore, extending the system to any new language-domain-task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Evgeniia Razumovskaia , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen

In cross-lingual text classification, one seeks to exploit labeled data from one language to train a text classification model that can then be applied to a completely different language. Recent multilingual representation models have made…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Xin Dong , Yaxin Zhu , Yupeng Zhang , Zuohui Fu , Dongkuan Xu , Sen Yang , Gerard de Melo

Performance in Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) on a single language has increased greatly in the last few years thanks to the use of deep learning techniques. However, cross-lingual SER remains a challenge in real-world applications due to…

We present mSLAM, a multilingual Speech and LAnguage Model that learns cross-lingual cross-modal representations of speech and text by pre-training jointly on large amounts of unlabeled speech and text in multiple languages. mSLAM combines…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Ankur Bapna , Colin Cherry , Yu Zhang , Ye Jia , Melvin Johnson , Yong Cheng , Simran Khanuja , Jason Riesa , Alexis Conneau

In-context learning (ICL) unfolds as large language models become capable of inferring test labels conditioned on a few labeled samples without any gradient update. ICL-enabled large language models provide a promising step forward toward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Eshaan Tanwar , Subhabrata Dutta , Manish Borthakur , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Contrastive learning has been successfully used for retrieval of semantically aligned sentences, but it often requires large batch sizes or careful engineering to work well. In this paper, we instead propose a generative model for learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 John Wieting , Jonathan H. Clark , William W. Cohen , Graham Neubig , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

The lack of labeled data is a key challenge for learning useful representation from time series data. However, an unsupervised representation framework that is capable of producing high quality representations could be of great value. It is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-18 Kristoffer Wickstrøm , Michael Kampffmeyer , Karl Øyvind Mikalsen , Robert Jenssen

State-of-the-art speaker verification systems are inherently dependent on some kind of human supervision as they are trained on massive amounts of labeled data. However, manually annotating utterances is slow, expensive and not scalable to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Théo Lepage , Réda Dehak

Contrastive learning has shown outstanding performances in both supervised and unsupervised learning, and has recently been introduced to solve weakly supervised learning problems such as semi-supervised learning and noisy label learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Jingyi Cui , Weiran Huang , Yifei Wang , Yisen Wang

The advancement of deep learning has greatly improved supervised image classification. However, labeling data is costly, prompting research into unsupervised learning methods such as contrastive learning. In real-world scenarios, fully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Shogo Nakayama , Masahiro Okuda

Recently, multi-view and multi-label classification have become significant domains for comprehensive data analysis and exploration. However, incompleteness both in views and labels is still a real-world scenario for multi-view multi-label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Bingyan Nie , Wulin Xie , Jiang Long , Xiaohuan Lu

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved great success in leveraging a large amount of unlabeled data to learn a promising classifier. A popular approach is pseudo-labeling that generates pseudo labels only for those unlabeled data with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Qinyi Deng , Yong Guo , Zhibang Yang , Haolin Pan , Jian Chen

Zero-shot learning transfers knowledge from seen classes to novel unseen classes to reduce human labor of labelling data for building new classifiers. Much effort on zero-shot learning however has focused on the standard multi-class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-08 Meng Ye , Yuhong Guo

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims to recognize unseen classes by leveraging semantic information from seen classes, but most existing methods assume accurate class labels for training instances. However, in real-world scenarios, noise and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jinfu Fan , Jiangnan Li , Xiaowen Yan , Xiaohui Zhong , Wenpeng Lu , Linqing Huang

The challenges in applying contrastive learning to speaker verification (SV) are that the softmax-based contrastive loss lacks discriminative power and that the hard negative pairs can easily influence learning. To overcome the first…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-14 Zhe Li , Man-Wai Mak , Helen Mei-Ling Meng

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly incorporate multilingual capabilities, fueling the demand to transfer them into target language-specific models. However, most approaches, which blend the source model's embedding by replacing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Seungyoon Lee , Seongtae Hong , Hyeonseok Moon , Heuiseok Lim

The translation of pronouns presents a special challenge to machine translation to this day, since it often requires context outside the current sentence. Recent work on models that have access to information across sentence boundaries has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Mathias Müller , Annette Rios , Elena Voita , Rico Sennrich

Recent advanced methods in Natural Language Understanding for Task-oriented Dialogue (TOD) Systems (e.g., intent detection and slot filling) require a large amount of annotated data to achieve competitive performance. In reality,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Hoang H. Nguyen , Chenwei Zhang , Ye Liu , Philip S. Yu

Improving generalization is a major challenge in audio classification due to labeled data scarcity. Self-supervised learning (SSL) methods tackle this by leveraging unlabeled data to learn useful features for downstream classification…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-22 Melikasadat Emami , Dung Tran , Kazuhito Koishida