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Related papers: Musical Score Following and Audio Alignment

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Musical score following is the real-time mapping of a performance to corresponding locations in a musical score. Score following can be used in a variety of applications including automatic page turning and real-time accompaniment. This…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-18 Josephine Cowley

Real-time computer-based accompaniment for human musical performances entails three critical tasks: identifying what the performer is playing, locating their position within the score, and synchronously playing the accompanying parts. Among…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Ashwin Pillay

This paper discusses real-time alignment of audio signals of music performance to the corresponding score (a.k.a. score following) which can handle tempo changes, errors and arbitrary repeats and/or skips (repeats/skips) in performances.…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Tomohiko Nakamura , Eita Nakamura , Shigeki Sagayama

Real-time music tracking systems follow a musical performance and at any time report the current position in a corresponding score. Most existing methods approach this problem exclusively in the audio domain, typically using online time…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Silvan Peter , Patricia Hu , Gerhard Widmer

In this demo we show a novel approach to score following. Instead of relying on some symbolic representation, we are using a multi-modal convolutional neural network to match the incoming audio stream directly to sheet music images. This…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-12-16 Matthias Dorfer , Andreas Arzt , Sebastian Böck , Amaury Durand , Gerhard Widmer

In this paper we present current trends in real-time music tracking (a.k.a. score following). Casually speaking, these algorithms "listen" to a live performance of music, compare the audio signal to an abstract representation of the score,…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Andreas Arzt , Matthias Dorfer

This paper addresses the problem of sheet-image-based on-line audio-to-score alignment also known as score following. Drawing inspiration from object detection, a conditional neural network architecture is proposed that directly predicts…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Florian Henkel , Gerhard Widmer

Recent advances in real-time music score following have made it possible for machines to automatically track highly complex polyphonic music, including full orchestra performances. In this paper, we attempt to take this to an even higher…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-22 Charles Brazier , Gerhard Widmer

Score following is the process of tracking a musical performance (audio) with respect to a known symbolic representation (a score). We start this paper by formulating score following as a multimodal Markov Decision Process, the mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Matthias Dorfer , Florian Henkel , Gerhard Widmer

The goal of score following is to track a musical performance, usually in the form of audio, in a corresponding score representation. Established methods mainly rely on computer-readable scores in the form of MIDI or MusicXML and achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Florian Henkel , Rainer Kelz , Gerhard Widmer

Music can be represented in multiple forms, such as in the audio form as a recording of a performance, in the symbolic form as a computer readable score, or in the image form as a scan of the sheet music. Music synchronisation provides a…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Ruchit Agrawal

This paper addresses the task of score following in sheet music given as unprocessed images. While existing work either relies on OMR software to obtain a computer-readable score representation, or crucially relies on prepared sheet image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Florian Henkel , Rainer Kelz , Gerhard Widmer

Automatic musical accompaniment is where a human musician is accompanied by a computer musician. The computer musician is able to produce musical accompaniment that relates musically to the human performance. The accompaniment should follow…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Anyi Rao , Francis Lau

This paper addresses the matching of short music audio snippets to the corresponding pixel location in images of sheet music. A system is presented that simultaneously learns to read notes, listens to music and matches the currently played…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-16 Matthias Dorfer , Andreas Arzt , Gerhard Widmer

Quantitative analysis of commonalities and differences between recorded music performances is an increasingly common task in computational musicology. A typical scenario involves manual annotation of different recordings of the same piece…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Thassilo Gadermaier , Gerhard Widmer

Robust real-time opera tracking (score following) would be extremely useful for many processes surrounding live opera staging and streaming, including automatic lyrics displays, camera control, or live video cutting. Recent work has shown…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-22 Charles Brazier , Gerhard Widmer

Audio-to-score alignment aims at generating an accurate mapping between a performance audio and the score of a given piece. Standard alignment methods are based on Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and employ handcrafted features. We explore the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-29 Ruchit Agrawal , Simon Dixon

Music is a form of expression that often requires interaction between players. If one wishes to interact in such a musical way with a computer, it is necessary for the machine to be able to interpret the input given by the human to find its…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Filippo Carnovalini , Antonio Rodà

Real-time music alignment, also known as score following, is a fundamental MIR task with a long history and is essential for many interactive applications. Despite its importance, there has not been a unified open framework for comparing…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jiyun Park , Carlos Cancino-Chacón , Suhit Chiruthapudi , Juhan Nam

Audio-to-score alignment is a long-standing challenge in music information retrieval and arguably the most widely applicable alignment task for music research. Alignment algorithms match two versions of a piece of music, and for this to…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Silvan Peter , Patricia Hu , Gerhard Widmer
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