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Self-driving vehicles (SDVs) hold great potential for improving traffic safety and are poised to positively affect the quality of life of millions of people. To unlock this potential one of the critical aspects of the autonomous technology…

Simulation systems have become an essential component in the development and validation of autonomous driving technologies. The prevailing state-of-the-art approach for simulation is to use game engines or high-fidelity computer graphics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Wei Li , Chengwei Pan , Rong Zhang , Jiaping Ren , Yuexin Ma , Jin Fang , Feilong Yan , Qichuan Geng , Xinyu Huang , Huajun Gong , Weiwei Xu , Guoping Wang , Dinesh Manocha , Ruigang Yang

Current validation methods often rely on recorded data and basic functional checks, which may not be sufficient to encompass the scenarios an autonomous vehicle might encounter. In addition, there is a growing need for complex scenarios…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Marc Kaufeld , Rainer Trauth , Johannes Betz

Real-world crash reports, which combine textual summaries and sketches, are valuable for scenario-based testing of autonomous driving systems (ADS). However, current methods cannot effectively translate this multimodal data into precise,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Fida Khandaker Safa , Yupeng Jiang , Xi Zheng

The transition toward Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs) represents a major paradigm shift in vehicle design, transforming traditional hardware-centric systems into software-centric platforms capable of dynamic adaptation and continuous…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Eirini Liotou , Dimitra Tzelalidou , Gerasimos Christodoulou

Scenario-based testing is envisioned as a key approach for the safety assurance of autonomous vehicles. In scenario-based testing, relevant (driving) scenarios are the basis of tests. Many recent works focus on specification, variation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Till Schallau , Stefan Naujokat , Fiona Kullmann , Falk Howar

Safety testing serves as the fundamental pillar for the development of autonomous driving systems (ADSs). To ensure the safety of ADSs, it is paramount to generate a diverse range of safety-critical test scenarios. While existing ADS…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Haoxiang Tian , Xingshuo Han , Yuan Zhou , Guoquan Wu , An Guo , Mingfei Cheng , Shuo Li , Jun Wei , Tianwei Zhang

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) rely on sophisticated Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs) to provide passengers a satisfying and safe journey. The individual preferences of riders plays a crucial role in shaping the perception of safety and comfort…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Kun Wang , Christopher M. Poskitt , Yang Sun , Jun Sun , Jingyi Wang , Peng Cheng , Jiming Chen

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) have achieved remarkable progress in recent years. However, ensuring their safety and reliability remains a critical challenge due to the complexity and uncertainty of driving scenarios. In this paper, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Huiwen Yang , Yu Zhou , Taolue Chen

Game-based interactive driving simulations have emerged as versatile platforms for advancing decision-making algorithms in road transport mobility. While these environments offer safe, scalable, and engaging settings for testing driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zhihao Lin , Zhen Tian

The simulation-based testing is essential for safely implementing autonomous vehicles (AV) on roads, necessitating simulated traffic environments that dynamically interact with the Vehicle Under Test (VUT). This study introduces a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Yiru Liu , Xiaocong Zhao , Jian Sun

Traditional decision and planning frameworks for self-driving vehicles (SDVs) scale poorly in new scenarios, thus they require tedious hand-tuning of rules and parameters to maintain acceptable performance in all foreseeable cases.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Peide Cai , Hengli Wang , Yuxiang Sun , Ming Liu

In response to the growing need for dynamic software features in automobiles, Software Defined Vehicles (SDVs) have emerged as a promising solution. They integrate dynamic onboard service management to handle the large variety of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Pierre Laclau , Stéphane Bonnet , Bertrand Ducourthial , Trista Lin , Xiaoting Li

The capability to follow a lead-vehicle and avoid rear-end collisions is one of the most important functionalities for human drivers and various Advanced Driver Assist Systems (ADAS). Existing safety performance justification of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Bowen Weng , Minghao Zhu , Keith Redmill

How many scenarios are sufficient to validate the safe Operational Design Domain (ODD) of an Automated Driving System (ADS) equipped vehicle? Is a more significant number of sampled scenarios guaranteeing a more accurate safety assessment…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Bowen Weng , Linda Capito , Umit Ozguner , Keith Redmill

Simulation-based testing has become a standard approach to validating autonomous driving agents prior to real-world deployment. A high-quality validation campaign will exercise an agent in diverse contexts comprised of varying static…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Joy Saha , Trey Woodlief , Sebastian Elbaum , Matthew B. Dwyer

We present a new approach to automated scenario-based testing of the safety of autonomous vehicles, especially those using advanced artificial intelligence-based components, spanning both simulation-based evaluation as well as testing in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-14 Daniel J. Fremont , Edward Kim , Yash Vardhan Pant , Sanjit A. Seshia , Atul Acharya , Xantha Bruso , Paul Wells , Steve Lemke , Qiang Lu , Shalin Mehta

Simulation is an indispensable tool in the development and testing of autonomous vehicles (AVs), offering an efficient and safe alternative to road testing. An outstanding challenge with simulation-based testing is the generation of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Peide Huang , Wenhao Ding , Benjamin Stoler , Jonathan Francis , Bingqing Chen , Ding Zhao

Vehicle control algorithms exploiting connectivity and automation, such as Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) or Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), have the opportunity to improve energy savings. However, lower levels of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Olivia Jacome , Shobhit Gupta , Stephanie Stockar , Marcello Canova

This paper introduces and tests a framework integrating traffic regulation compliance into automated driving systems (ADS). The framework enables ADS to follow traffic laws and make informed decisions based on the driving environment. Using…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Xu Han , Zhiwen Wu , Xin Xia , Jiaqi Ma