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Related papers: Moderately High Obliquity Promotes Biospheric Oxyg…

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One of the chief paradoxes of molecular oxygen (O$_2$) is that it is an essential requirement for multicellular eukaryotes on Earth while simultaneously posing a threat to their survival via the formation of reactive oxygen species. In this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-09 Manasvi Lingam

Hycean planets -- exoplanets with substantial water ice layers, deep surface oceans, and hydrogen-rich atmospheres -- are thought to be favorable environments for life. Due to a relative paucity of atmospheric greenhouse gases, hycean…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-17 Joseph R. Livesey , Juliette Becker , Susanna L. Widicus Weaver

A planet's surface conditions can significantly impact its climate and habitability. In this study, we use the 3D general circulation model ExoPlaSim to systematically vary dayside land cover on a synchronously rotating, temperate rocky…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-20 Evelyn Macdonald , Adiv Paradise , Kristen Menou , Christopher Lee

Determining the habitability and interpreting future atmospheric observations of exoplanets requires understanding the atmospheric dynamics and chemistry from a 3-D perspective. Previous studies have shown significant spatial variability in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-17 Marrick Braam , Paul I. Palmer , Leen Decin , Maureen Cohen , Nathan J. Mayne

Future direct-imaging missions such as the Large Interferometer for Exoplanets (LIFE) aim to observe thermal emission from potentially habitable planets to characterize their surface environments and search for signs of life. Previous…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-27 Yuka Fujii , Daniel Angerhausen , Taro Matsuo , Eric T. Wolf

Planetary surface habitability has so far been considered, in the main, upon a global scale. The increasing number of 3D modelling studies of (exo)planetary climate has highlighted the need for a more nuanced understanding of surface…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-04 Hannah L. Woodward , Andrew J. Rushby , Nathan J. Mayne

As the number of detected rocky extrasolar planets increases, the question of whether their surfaces could be habitable is becoming more pertinent. On Earth, the long-term carbonate silicate cycle is able to regulate surface temperatures…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-08 Amanda Kruijver , Dennis Höning , Wim van Westrenen

Temperature-dependent biological productivity controls silicate weathering and thereby extends the potential habitable timespan of Earth. Models and theoretical considerations indicate that the runaway greenhouse on Earth-like exoplanets is…

Carbon dioxide is one of the major contributors to the radiative forcing, increasing both the temperature and the humidity of Earth's atmosphere. If the stellar irradiance increases and water becomes abundant in the stratosphere of an…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-11 Illeana Gomez-Leal , Lisa Kaltenegger , Valerio Lucarini , Frank Lunkeit

Hycean planets are hypothetical exoplanets characterized by $H_2O$ oceans and $H_2$-rich atmospheres. These planets are high-priority targets for biosignature searches, as they combine abundant surface liquid water with easy-to-characterize…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-30 Yichen Gao , Daniel D. B. Koll , Feng Ding

Should we expect most habitable planets to share the Earth's marbled appearance? For a planetary surface to boast extensive areas of both land and water, a delicate balance must be struck between the volume of water it retains and the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-20 Fergus Simpson

Ozone ($\textrm{O}_3$) is important for the survival of life on Earth because it shields the surface from ionising ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, the existence of $\textrm{O}_3$ in Earth's atmosphere is not always beneficial.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-31 G. J. Cooke , D. R. Marsh , C. Walsh , F. Sainsbury-Martinez

The tilt of a planet's spin axis off its orbital axis ("obliquity") is a basic physical characteristic that plays a central role in determining the planet's global circulation and energy redistribution. Moreover, recent studies have also…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-15 Sarah Millholland , Konstantin Batygin

The stellar obliquity of a transiting planetary system can be constrained by combining measurements of the star's rotation period, radius, and projected rotational velocity. Here we present a hierarchical Bayesian technique for recovering…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Timothy D. Morton , Joshua N. Winn

In the outer regions of the habitable zone, the risk of transitioning into a globally frozen "snowball" state poses a threat to the habitability of planets with the capacity to host water-based life. We use a one-dimensional energy balance…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2010-09-15 Courtney D. Dressing , David S. Spiegel , Caleb A. Scharf , Kristen Menou , Sean N. Raymond

Robust atmospheric and radiative transfer modeling will be required to properly interpret reflected light and thermal emission spectra of terrestrial exoplanets. This will help break observational degeneracies between the numerous…

We study the prospects for life on planets with subsurface oceans, and find that a wide range of planets can exist in diverse habitats with ice envelopes of moderate thickness. We quantify the energy sources available to these worlds, the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-10 Manasvi Lingam , Abraham Loeb

We propose a general principle that under the radiative-convective equilibrium, the spatial and temporal variations in a planet's surface and atmosphere tend to increase its cooling. This principle is based on Jensen's inequality and the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-31 Xi Zhang

Water and land surfaces on a planet interact with gases in the atmosphere and with radiation from the star. These interactions define the environments that prevail on the planet, some of which may be more amenable to prebiotic chemistry,…

The inner edge of the classical habitable zone is often defined by the critical flux needed to trigger the runaway greenhouse instability. This 1D notion of a critical flux, however, may not be so relevant for inhomogeneously irradiated…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Jérémy Leconte , Francois Forget , Benjamin Charnay , Robin Wordsworth , Franck Selsis , Ehouarn Millour