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In this article we will introduce a central problem in additive combinatorics, which arised from the famous van der Waerden theorem and an early conjecture of Erd\H{o}s and Tur\'{a}n. The first important theorem was due to Roth in 1953.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-11 Weiwen Zhang

We collect here various conjectures on congruences made by the author in a series of papers, some of which involve binary quadratic forms and other advanced theories. Part A consists of 100 unsolved conjectures of the author while…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-13 Zhi-Wei Sun

In this article, we give a positive answer to the cycle double cover conjecture. Ones who are mainly interesting in the proof of the conjecture can only read Sections 2 and 4.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-20 Bin Shen

Larry Hoehn discovered a remarkable concurrence theorem about pentagrams. Draw cicles through two consecutive vertices and the intersection points of the sides in between, Then the radical axes of each pair of consecutive circles are…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2018-12-12 J. Chris Fisher , Eberhard M. Schröder , Jan Stevens

We present a proof the Steiner-Lehmus equal bisectors theorem by applying the Law of sines in rapid succession to a side-by-side comparison. For nearly two centuries, the quest for a direct proof has sustained interest in proving and…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Eric L. Grinberg , Mehmet Z. Orhon

We present a new proof of the Rogers-Ramanujan identities. Surprisingly, all its ingredients are available already in Rogers seminal paper from 1894, where he gave a considerably more complicated proof.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-03 Hjalmar Rosengren

The Lagrange theorem on continued fractions states that a number is a quadratic surd if and only if its continued fraction expansion is eventually periodic. The current paper is devoted to a multidimensional generalization of this fact. As…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-09-27 Oleg N. German , Evgeniy L. Lakshtanov

We generalize two-point interpolatory Hermite quadrature to functions with available values and the first (n-1) derivatives at both end points. Armed with integration by parts in the reverse form we provide an elementary derivation of an…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Tan Bui-Thanh , Giancarlo Villatoro , C. G. Krishnanunni

Frege's definition of the real numbers, as envisaged in the second volume of \textit{Grundgesetze der Arithmetik}, is fatally flawed by the inconsistency of Frege's ill-fated \textit{Basic Law V}. We restate Frege's definition in a…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-01-06 Francesca Boccuni , Marco Panza

The recent link discovered between generalized Legendre transforms and non-dually flat statistical manifolds suggests a fundamental reason behind the ubiquity of R\'{e}nyi's divergence and entropy in a wide range of physical phenomena.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-04-19 Pablo A. Morales , Jan Korbel , Fernando E. Rosas

In this article we prove several reciprocity theorems for some infinite-dimensional dual pairs of representations on Bargmann-Segal-Fock spaces.

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Tuong Ton-That

G\"odel's argument for the First Incompleteness Theorem is, structurally, a proof by contradiction. This article intends to reframe the argument by, first, isolating an additional assumption the argument relies on, and then, second, arguing…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-07-02 Joachim Derichs

In 1988, in cooperation with a team of experimental physicists, a Condensed Matter theorist, X, published in Physical Review Letters a crucial experimental result dealing with a revolutionary new theory. The conclusions of the paper were…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-06-02 Pascal Lederer

We upgrade Howard's divisibility towards Perrin-Riou's Heegner point main conjecture to the predicted equality. Contrary to previous works in this direction, our main result allows for the classical Heegner hypothesis and non-squarefree…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-08-23 Ashay Burungale , Francesc Castella , Chan-Ho Kim

Diffraction is a phenomenon, discussed for centuries from various points of view. The very simple principle, proposed by Huygens [1] and then modified by Fresnel[2], Stokes [3] and Kirchoff [4], allows us to make calculations, substituting…

Optics · Physics 2025-03-03 Ilya A. Kudryavtsev

A pair of odd primes is said to be symmetric if each prime is congruent to one modulo their difference. A theorem from 1996 by Fletcher, Lindgren, and the third author provides an upper bound on the number of primes up to x that belong to a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-27 William Banks , Paul Pollack , Carl Pomerance

We briefly review Artin's reciprocity law in the classical ideal theoretic language, and then study connections between Artin's reciprocity law and the proofs of the quadratic reciprocity law using Gauss's Lemma.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-02-28 Franz Lemmermeyer

The Six Circles Theorem of C. Evelyn, G. Money-Coutts, and J. Tyrrell concerns chains of circles inscribed into a triangle: the first circle is inscribed in the first angle, the second circle is inscribed in the second angle and tangent to…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-03-11 Dennis Ivanov , Serge Tabachnikov

In this paper, for coprime numbers p and q we consider the well known Dedekind sums S(p,q) First, we give an improvement of the proof given by H. Rademacher and A. Whiteman, and we construct a new arithmetical proof for the reciprocity law

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-16 Mouloud Goubi

It is well known that the strong subadditivity theorem is hold for classical system, but it is very difficult to prove that it is hold for quantum system. The first proof of this theorem is due to Lieb by using the Lieb's theorem. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yong-Jian Han , Yong-Sheng Zhang , Guang-Can Guo