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While several self-supervised approaches for learning discrete speech representation have been proposed, it is unclear how these seemingly similar approaches relate to each other. In this paper, we consider a generative model with discrete…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Sung-Lin Yeh , Hao Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining increasing attention due to their exceptional performance across numerous tasks. As a result, the general public utilize them as an influential tool for boosting their productivity while natural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Zhigang Kan , Linbo Qiao , Hao Yu , Liwen Peng , Yifu Gao , Dongsheng Li

The pruning objective has recently extended beyond accuracy and sparsity to robustness in language models. Despite this, existing methods struggle to enhance robustness against adversarial attacks when continually increasing model sparsity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Jianwei Li , Qi Lei , Wei Cheng , Dongkuan Xu

Federated learning (FL) has become a key component in various language modeling applications such as machine translation, next-word prediction, and medical record analysis. These applications are trained on datasets from many FL…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Md Rafi Ur Rashid , Vishnu Asutosh Dasu , Kang Gu , Najrin Sultana , Shagufta Mehnaz

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Gemini has shown their powerful natural language generation capabilities. However, these models can inadvertently learn and retain sensitive information and harmful content…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shang Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Wanlei Zhou

Dominant pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated the potential risk of memorizing and outputting the training data. While this concern has been discussed mainly in English, it is also practically important to focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Shotaro Ishihara , Hiromu Takahashi

In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving method with a secret key for convolutional neural network (CNN)-based speech classification tasks. Recently, many methods related to privacy preservation have been developed in image…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-09 Shoko Niwa , Sayaka Shiota , Hitoshi Kiya

Federated Learning (FL) is a technique to train models using data distributed across devices. Differential Privacy (DP) provides a formal privacy guarantee for sensitive data. Our goal is to train a large neural network language model…

Continual Pre-Training (CPT) has become a popular and effective method to apply strong foundation models to specific downstream tasks. In this work, we explore the learning dynamics throughout the CPT process for large language models. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Xingjin Wang , Howe Tissue , Lu Wang , Linjing Li , Daniel Dajun Zeng

As the deployment of pre-trained language models (PLMs) expands, pressing security concerns have arisen regarding the potential for malicious extraction of training data, posing a threat to data privacy. This study is the first to provide a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Shotaro Ishihara

Although large language models have demonstrated the potential for personalized advertising recommendations in experimental environments, in actual operations, how advertising recommendation systems can be combined with measures such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Haoyang Feng , Yanjun Dai , Yuan Gao

Differentially private (DP) synthetic data generation plays a pivotal role in developing large language models (LLMs) on private data, where data owners cannot provide eyes-on access to individual examples. Generating DP synthetic data…

Retrieval-based language models (LMs) have demonstrated improved interpretability, factuality, and adaptability compared to their parametric counterparts, by incorporating retrieved text from external datastores. While it is well known that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Yangsibo Huang , Samyak Gupta , Zexuan Zhong , Kai Li , Danqi Chen

Transfer learning through the use of pre-trained models has become a growing trend for the machine learning community. Consequently, numerous pre-trained models are released online to facilitate further research. However, it raises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Zhuowen Yuan , Fan Wu , Yunhui Long , Chaowei Xiao , Bo Li

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) are an integral part of modern AI that have led to breakthrough performances in complex AI tasks. Major AI companies with expensive infrastructures are able to develop and train these large models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Rouzbeh Behnia , Mohamamdreza Ebrahimi , Jason Pacheco , Balaji Padmanabhan

Memorization in large-scale text-to-image diffusion models poses significant security and intellectual property risks, enabling adversarial attribute extraction and the unauthorized reproduction of sensitive or proprietary features. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Divya Kothandaraman , Jaclyn Pytlarz

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable advancements in natural language processing. These models are trained on vast datasets to exhibit powerful language understanding and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Shang Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Bo Liu , Ming Ding , Dayong Ye , Wanlei Zhou , Philip S. Yu

Pretrained language models memorize vast amounts of information, including private and copyrighted data, raising significant safety concerns. Retraining these models after excluding sensitive data is prohibitively expensive, making machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Minseok Choi , Kyunghyun Min , Jaegul Choo

Large language models (LLMs) may memorize sensitive or copyrighted content, raising privacy and legal concerns. Due to the high cost of retraining from scratch, researchers attempt to employ machine unlearning to remove specific content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xiaojian Yuan , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Kejiang Chen , Weiming Zhang , Min Lin

Language Models (LMs) are prone to ''memorizing'' training data, including substantial sensitive user information. To mitigate privacy risks and safeguard the right to be forgotten, machine unlearning has emerged as a promising approach for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Jiacheng Du , Zhibo Wang , Jie Zhang , Xiaoyi Pang , Jiahui Hu , Kui Ren