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In cohort studies, non-random medication use can pose barriers to estimation of the natural history trend in a mean biomarker value (namely, the association between a predictor of interest and a biomarker outcome that would be observed in…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-25 Andrew J. Spieker , Joseph A. C. Delaney , Robyn L. McClelland

In this note, we consider using a link function that has heavier tails than the usual exponential link function. We construct efficient Gibbs algorithms for Poisson and Multinomial models based on this link function by introducing gamma and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-23 Yasuyuki Hamura

A popular method for estimating a causal treatment effect with observational data is the difference-in-differences (DiD) model. In this work, we consider an extension of the classical DiD setting to the hierarchical context in which data…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-17 James Normington , Eric F. Lock , Thomas A. Murray , Caroline S. Carlin

Objective: To compare different risk-based methods for optimal prediction of treatment effects. Methods: We simulated RCT data using diverse assumptions for the average treatment effect, a baseline prognostic index of risk (PI), the shape…

Methods for estimating heterogeneous treatment effect in observational data have largely focused on continuous or binary outcomes, and have been relatively less vetted with survival outcomes. Using flexible machine learning methods in the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-07-09 Liangyuan Hu , Jiayi Ji , Fan Li

Multivalued treatment models have typically been studied under restrictive assumptions: ordered choice, and more recently unordered monotonicity. We show how treatment effects can be identified in a more general class of models that allows…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-05-02 Sokbae Lee , Bernard Salanié

In personalised decision making, evidence is required to determine whether an action (treatment) is suitable for an individual. Such evidence can be obtained by modelling treatment effect heterogeneity in subgroups. The existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-24 Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Shisheng Zhang , Saisai Ma , Thuc Duy Le , Jixue Liu

We study the problem of inferring heterogeneous treatment effects from time-to-event data. While both the related problems of (i) estimating treatment effects for binary or continuous outcomes and (ii) predicting survival outcomes have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Alicia Curth , Changhee Lee , Mihaela van der Schaar

We propose a method to reduce variance in treatment effect estimates in the setting of high-dimensional data. In particular, we introduce an approach for learning a metric to be used in matching treatment and control groups. The metric…

Applications · Statistics 2017-12-15 Jonathan Bates , Alexander Cloninger

Methods for extending -- generalizing or transporting -- inferences from a randomized trial to a target population involve conditioning on a large set of covariates that is sufficient for rendering the randomized and non-randomized groups…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-04 Sarah E Robertson , Jon A Steingrimsson , Issa J Dahabreh

Previous works on Treatment Effect Estimation (TEE) are not in widespread use because they are predominantly theoretical, where strong parametric assumptions are made but untractable for practical application. Recent work uses multilayer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Yi-Fan Zhang , Hanlin Zhang , Zachary C. Lipton , Li Erran Li , Eric P. Xing

This work proposes the M3E2, a multi-task learning neural network model to estimate the effect of multiple treatments. In contrast to existing methods, M3E2 can handle multiple treatment effects applied simultaneously to the same unit,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Raquel Aoki , Yizhou Chen , Martin Ester

For many kinds of interventions, such as a new advertisement, marketing intervention, or feature recommendation, it is important to target a specific subset of people for maximizing its benefits at minimum cost or potential harm. However, a…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-12 Yanbo Xu , Divyat Mahajan , Liz Manrao , Amit Sharma , Emre Kiciman

Understanding the association between injury severity and patients' potential for recovery is crucial to providing better care for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Estimation of this relationship requires clinical information on…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-19 Mingyang Shan , Kali Thomas , Roee Gutman

This paper develops a Bayesian graphical model for fusing disparate types of count data. The motivating application is the study of bacterial communities from diverse high dimensional features, in this case transcripts, collected from…

Many rare diseases offer limited established treatment options, leading patients to switch therapies when new medications emerge. To analyze the impact of such treatment switches within the low sample size limitations of rare disease…

In most real-world systems units are interconnected and can be represented as networks consisting of nodes and edges. For instance, in social systems individuals can have social ties, family or financial relationships. In settings where…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-31 Laura Forastiere , Fabrizia Mealli , Albert Wu , Edoardo Airoldi

A pressing challenge in medical research is to identify optimal treatments for individual patients. This is particularly challenging in mental health settings where mean responses are often similar across multiple treatments. For example,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-08 Lanqiu Yao , Thaddeus Tarpey

Individualized treatment decisions can improve health outcomes, but using data to make these decisions in a reliable, precise, and generalizable way is challenging with a single dataset. Leveraging multiple randomized controlled trials…

Identifying heterogeneity in a population's response to a health or policy intervention is crucial for evaluating and informing policy decisions. We propose a novel heterogeneous treatment effect estimator in the difference-in-differences…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-24 Xinkun Nie , Chen Lu , Stefan Wager