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Normalizing flows are objects used for modeling complicated probability density functions, and have attracted considerable interest in recent years. Many flexible families of normalizing flows have been developed. However, the focus to date…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-18 Tin Lok James Ng , Andrew Zammit-Mangion

Normalizing flows provide a general mechanism for defining expressive probability distributions, only requiring the specification of a (usually simple) base distribution and a series of bijective transformations. There has been much recent…

Normalizing flows are exact-likelihood generative neural networks which approximately transform samples from a simple prior distribution to samples of the probability distribution of interest. Recent work showed that such generative models…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-27 Jonas Köhler , Leon Klein , Frank Noé

Normalizing Flows are generative models that directly maximize the likelihood. Previously, the design of normalizing flows was largely constrained by the need for analytical invertibility. We overcome this constraint by a training procedure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Felix Draxler , Peter Sorrenson , Lea Zimmermann , Armand Rousselot , Ullrich Köthe

Normalizing Flows are generative models which produce tractable distributions where both sampling and density evaluation can be efficient and exact. The goal of this survey article is to give a coherent and comprehensive review of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-09 Ivan Kobyzev , Simon J. D. Prince , Marcus A. Brubaker

Normalizing flows can transform a simple prior probability distribution into a more complex target distribution. Here, we evaluate the ability and efficiency of generative machine learning methods to sample the Boltzmann distribution of an…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-09-16 Gerhard Jung , Giulio Biroli , Ludovic Berthier

Normalizing flows are a class of deep generative models that provide a promising route to sample lattice field theories more efficiently than conventional Monte Carlo simulations. In this work we show that the theoretical framework of…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2022-07-07 Michele Caselle , Elia Cellini , Alessandro Nada , Marco Panero

We present a novel integrator based on normalizing flows which can be used to improve the unweighting efficiency of Monte-Carlo event generators for collider physics simulations. In contrast to machine learning approaches based on surrogate…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-04-22 Christina Gao , Stefan Hoeche , Joshua Isaacson , Claudius Krause , Holger Schulz

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are emerging as a powerful class of generative models, as they not only allow for efficient sampling, but also deliver, by construction, density estimation. They are of great potential usage in High Energy Physics…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-01 Humberto Reyes-Gonzalez , Riccardo Torre

Normalizing Flows are a promising new class of algorithms for unsupervised learning based on maximum likelihood optimization with change of variables. They offer to learn a factorized component representation for complex nonlinear data and,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Reuben Feinman , Nikhil Parthasarathy

In this paper, we explore the potential of generative machine learning models as an alternative to the computationally expensive Monte Carlo (MC) simulations commonly used by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. Our objective is to…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-11-21 Allison Xu , Shuo Han , Xiangyang Ju , Haichen Wang

Normalizing flows are powerful non-parametric statistical models that function as a hybrid between density estimators and generative models. Current learning algorithms for normalizing flows assume that data points are sampled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Matthias Kirchler , Christoph Lippert , Marius Kloft

The large data rates at the LHC require an online trigger system to select relevant collisions. Rather than compressing individual events, we propose to compress an entire data set at once. We use a normalizing flow as a deep generative…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-10-12 Anja Butter , Sascha Diefenbacher , Gregor Kasieczka , Benjamin Nachman , Tilman Plehn , David Shih , Ramon Winterhalder

Normalizing flows, diffusion normalizing flows and variational autoencoders are powerful generative models. This chapter provides a unified framework to handle these approaches via Markov chains. We consider stochastic normalizing flows as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Paul Hagemann , Johannes Hertrich , Gabriele Steidl

Normalizing flows are a powerful tool to create flexible probability distributions with a wide range of potential applications in cosmology. Here we are studying normalizing flows which represent cosmological observables at field level,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-26 Adam Rouhiainen , Utkarsh Giri , Moritz Münchmeyer

Normalizing flows are a popular class of models for approximating probability distributions. However, their invertible nature limits their ability to model target distributions whose support have a complex topological structure, such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-25 Vincent Stimper , Bernhard Schölkopf , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Understanding the dynamics of complex molecular processes is often linked to the study of infrequent transitions between long-lived stable states. The standard approach to the sampling of such rare events is to generate an ensemble of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-05-22 Sebastian Falkner , Alessandro Coretti , Salvatore Romano , Phillip Geissler , Christoph Dellago

Normalizing flows and variational autoencoders are powerful generative models that can represent complicated density functions. However, they both impose constraints on the models: Normalizing flows use bijective transformations to model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Didrik Nielsen , Priyank Jaini , Emiel Hoogeboom , Ole Winther , Max Welling

Normalizing flows are a powerful class of generative models demonstrating strong performance in several speech and vision problems. In contrast to other generative models, normalizing flows are latent variable models with tractable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Dmitry Baranchuk , Vladimir Aliev , Artem Babenko

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in incorporating neural networks into particle filters, e.g. differentiable particle filters, to perform joint sequential state estimation and model learning for non-linear non-Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Xiongjie Chen , Yunpeng Li
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