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Active matter represents a class of non-equilibrium systems that constantly dissipate energy to produce directed motion. The thermodynamic control of active matter holds great potential for advancements in synthetic molecular motors,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-09-17 Yating Wang , Enmai Lei , Yu-Han Ma , Z. C. Tu , Geng Li

Optimal control is a central problem in quantum thermodynamics. When minimizing dissipated work and work fluctuations defined via the two-point measurement scheme in open quantum systems, existing approaches largely focus on the rapid- and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Yuki Kurokawa , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

For systems in an externally controllable time-dependent potential, the optimal protocol minimizes the mean work spent in a finite-time transition between two given equilibrium states. For overdamped dynamics which ignores inertia effects,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-07-23 Alex Gomez-Marin , Tim Schmiedl , Udo Seifert

Optimal control of stochastic systems plays a central role in nonequilibrium physics, with applications in the study of biological molecular motors and the design of single-molecule experiments. While exact analytic solutions to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-07 Jordan R. Sawchuk , David A. Sivak

What are the fundamental limitations placed by the laws of thermodynamics on the energy expenditure needed to carry out a given task in a nonequilibrium environment in finite time? In this thesis, we investigate "optimal nonequilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-30 Adrianne Zhong

Improvement of thermoelectric systems in terms of performance and range of applications relies on progress in materials science and optimization of device operation. In this chapter, we focuse on optimization by taking into account the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2013-09-02 H. Ouerdane , C. Goupil , Y. Apertet , A. Michot , A. Abbout

Performing thermodynamic tasks within finite time while minimizing thermodynamic costs is a central challenge in stochastic thermodynamics. Here, we develop a unified framework for optimizing the thermodynamic cost of performing various…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-16 Kaito Tojo , Rihito Nagase , Ken Funo , Takahiro Sagawa

We establish universal relations between pattern formation and dissipation with a geometric approach to nonequilibrium thermodynamics of deterministic reaction-diffusion systems. We first provide a way to systematically decompose the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-04 Ryuna Nagayama , Kohei Yoshimura , Artemy Kolchinsky , Sosuke Ito

The energy cost of computation has emerged as a central challenge at the intersection of physics and computer science. Recent advances in statistical physics -- particularly in stochastic thermodynamics -- enable precise characterizations…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-07 Jinghao Lyu , Kyle J. Ray , James P. Crutchfield

Transferring a physical system from an initial to a final state while minimizing energetic losses is an interdisciplinary control problem that bridges stochastic thermodynamics and optimal transport theory. Recent research typically…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-23 Jann van der Meer , Andreas Dechant

We propose a reformulation of the problem of optimally controlled transitions in stochastic thermodynamics. We impose that any terminal cost specified by a thermodynamic functional should depend only on state variables and not on control…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-03 Julia Sanders , Paolo Muratore-Ginanneschi

Asking for the optimal protocol of an external control parameter that minimizes the mean work required to drive a nano-scale system from one equilibrium state to another in finite time, Schmiedl and Seifert ({\it Phys. Rev. Lett.} {\bf 98},…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-04-14 Holger Then , Andreas Engel

This work is focused on optimal control of mechanical compression refrigeration systems. A reduced-order state-space model based on the moving boundary approach is proposed for the canonical cycle, which eases the controller design. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-08 G. Bejarano , M. G. Ortega , J. E. Normey-Rico , F. R Rubio

The development of efficient artificial nanodevices poses challenges which are of fundamental and technological nature. Recent progress has been made in the context of finite-time thermodynamics. A central question in finite-time…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-03-18 Mario Einax

Information processing machines at the nanoscales are unavoidably affected by thermal fluctuations. Efficient design requires understanding how nanomachines can operate at minimal energy dissipation. In this letter we focus on mechanical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-03-17 Paolo Muratore-Ginanneschi , Kay Schwieger

Optimizing the energy efficiency of driving processes provides valuable insights into the underlying physics and is of crucial importance for numerous applications, from biological processes to the design of machines and robots. Knowledge…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-04-02 Sarah A. M. Loos , Samuel Monter , Felix Ginot , Clemens Bechinger

Constructing optimal thermodynamic processes in quantum systems relies on managing the balance between the average excess work and its stochastic fluctuations. Recently it has been shown that two different quantum generalisations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-06 Mohammad Mehboudi , Harry J. D. Miller

Optimal control theory deals with finding protocols to steer a system between assigned initial and final states, such that a trajectory-dependent cost function is minimized. The application of optimal control to stochastic systems is an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-09-18 Julia Sanders , Marco Baldovin , Paolo Muratore-Ginanneschi

Differential geometry offers a powerful framework for optimising and characterising finite-time thermodynamic processes, both classical and quantum. Here, we start by a pedagogical introduction to the notion of thermodynamic length. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-31 Paolo Abiuso , Harry J. D. Miller , Martí Perarnau-Llobet , Matteo Scandi

Temperature gradients represent energy sources that can be harvested to generate steady reaction or transport fluxes. Technological developments could lead to the transfer of free energy from heat sources and sinks to chemical systems for…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Mohammed Loukili , Ludovic Jullien , Guillaume Baffou , Raphaël Plasson