English
Related papers

Related papers: Quantifying Health Inequalities Induced by Data an…

200 papers

The significant advancements in applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) to healthcare decision-making, medical diagnosis, and other domains have simultaneously raised concerns about the fairness and bias of AI systems. This is particularly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Emilio Ferrara

A significant body of research in the data sciences considers unfair discrimination against social categories such as race or gender that could occur or be amplified as a result of algorithmic decisions. Simultaneously, real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Lucius E. J. Bynum , Joshua R. Loftus , Julia Stoyanovich

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is poised to transform healthcare delivery through revolutionary advances in clinical decision support and diagnostic capabilities. While human expertise remains foundational to medical practice, AI-powered…

With the growing utilization of machine learning in healthcare, there is increasing potential to enhance healthcare outcomes. However, this also brings the risk of perpetuating biases in data and model design that can harm certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Shaina Raza , Parisa Osivand Pour , Syed Raza Bashir

AI models are increasingly deployed in live clinical environments where they must perform reliably across complex, high-stakes workflows that standard training and validation datasets were never designed to capture. Evaluating these systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Prasanna Desikan , Harshit Rajgarhia , Shivali Dalmia , Ananya Mantravadi

Deep neural networks excel in medical imaging but remain prone to biases, leading to fairness gaps across demographic groups. We provide the first systematic exploration of Human-AI alignment and fairness in this domain. Our results show…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Haozhe Luo , Ziyu Zhou , Zixin Shu , Aurélie Pahud de Mortanges , Robert Berke , Mauricio Reyes

More than 3 billion people lack access to care for skin disease. AI diagnostic tools may aid in early skin cancer detection; however most models have not been assessed on images of diverse skin tones or uncommon diseases. To address this,…

Artificial intelligence holds strong potential to support clinical decision making in intensive care units where timely and accurate risk assessment is critical. However, many existing models focus on isolated outcomes or limited data…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) models have demonstrated expert-level performance in melanoma detection, yet their clinical adoption is hindered by performance disparities across demographic subgroups such as gender, race, and age. Previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Brandon Dominique , Prudence Lam , Nicholas Kurtansky , Jochen Weber , Kivanc Kose , Veronica Rotemberg , Jennifer Dy

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly achieve expert-level predictive accuracy in healthcare, yet improvements in model performance often fail to produce corresponding gains in patient outcomes. We term this disconnect the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Rifa Ferzana

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Data Science (DS) become pervasive, addressing gender disparities and diversity gaps in their workforce is urgent. These rapidly evolving fields have been further impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Genoveva Vargas-Solar

Ensuring fairness in AI systems is critical, especially in high-stakes domains such as lending, hiring, and healthcare. This urgency is reflected in emerging global regulations that mandate fairness assessments and independent bias audits.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Varsha Ramineni , Hossein A. Rahmani , Emine Yilmaz , David Barber

As artificial intelligence (AI) rapidly approaches human-level performance in medical imaging, it is crucial that it does not exacerbate or propagate healthcare disparities. Prior research has established AI's capacity to infer demographic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yuzhe Yang , Haoran Zhang , Judy W Gichoya , Dina Katabi , Marzyeh Ghassemi

Artificial intelligence systems, especially those using machine learning, are being deployed in domains from hiring to loan issuance in order to automate these complex decisions. Judging both the effectiveness and fairness of these AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Disa Sariola , Patrick Button , Aron Culotta , Nicholas Mattei

Much attention and concern has been raised recently about bias and the use of machine learning algorithms in healthcare, especially as it relates to perpetuating racial discrimination and health disparities. Following an initial system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Jill A. Kuhlberg , Irene Headen , Ellis A. Ballard , Donald Martin

The use of machine learning to guide clinical decision making has the potential to worsen existing health disparities. Several recent works frame the problem as that of algorithmic fairness, a framework that has attracted considerable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-16 Stephen R. Pfohl , Agata Foryciarz , Nigam H. Shah

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are not intrinsically neutral and biases trickle in any type of technological tool. In particular when dealing with people, the impact of AI algorithms' technical errors originating with mislabeled data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Camilla Quaresmini , Giuseppe Primiero

Fairness and accountability are two essential pillars for trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare. However, the existing AI model may be biased in its decision marking. To tackle this issue, we propose an adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Xiaoxiao Li , Ziteng Cui , Yifan Wu , Lin Gu , Tatsuya Harada

AI-based image reconstruction models are increasingly deployed in clinical workflows to improve image quality from noisy data, such as low-dose X-rays or accelerated MRI scans. However, these models are typically evaluated using pixel-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Matteo Wohlrapp , Niklas Bubeck , Daniel Rueckert , William Lotter

The growing interest in fair AI development is evident. The ''Leave No One Behind'' initiative urges us to address multiple and intersecting forms of inequality in accessing services, resources, and opportunities, emphasising the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Yingfang Yuan , Kefan Chen , Mehdi Rizvi , Lynne Baillie , Wei Pang