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Conformal prediction methods provide statistically rigorous marginal coverage guarantees for machine learning models, but such guarantees fail to account for algorithmic biases, thereby undermining fairness and trust. This paper introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Senrong Xu , Yanke Zhou , Yuhao Tan , Zenan Li , Yuan Yao , Taolue Chen , Feng Xu , Xiaoxing Ma

Multimodal representation learning techniques typically rely on paired samples to learn common representations, but paired samples are challenging to collect in fields such as biology where measurement devices often destroy the samples.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Johnny Xi , Jana Osea , Zuheng Xu , Jason Hartford

Intercurrent events, such as treatment switching, rescue medication, dropout, or truncation by death, frequently complicate intention-to-treat analyses in randomized clinical trials. Existing causal inference frameworks typically target…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-12 Georgi Baklicharov , Kelly Van Lancker , Stijn Vansteelandt

Despite the versatility of generalized linear mixed models in handling complex experimental designs, they often suffer from misspecification and convergence problems. This makes inference on the values of coefficients problematic. To…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-31 Angela Andreella , Jelle Goeman , Jesse Hemerik , Livio Finos

Longitudinal cohort studies, which follow a group of individuals over time, provide the opportunity to examine causal effects of complex exposures on long-term health outcomes. Utilizing data from multiple cohorts has the potential to add…

This paper considers the problem of inference in observational studies with time-varying adoption of treatment. In addition to an unconfoundedness assumption that the potential outcomes are independent of the times at which units adopt…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-27 Azeem Shaikh , Panos Toulis

We consider clinical trials in which an experimental treatment is compared with a control in pre-specified patient subpopulations. In such settings, adaptive enrichment designs allow the enrolled population to be modified at an interim…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Enyu Li , Nigel Stallard , Ekkehard Glimm , Dominic Magirr , Peter K. Kimani

We provide a unifying view of a large family of previous imitation learning algorithms through the lens of moment matching. At its core, our classification scheme is based on whether the learner attempts to match (1) reward or (2)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Gokul Swamy , Sanjiban Choudhury , J. Andrew Bagnell , Zhiwei Steven Wu

The empirical likelihood is a powerful nonparametric tool, that emulates its parametric counterpart -- the parametric likelihood -- preserving many of its large-sample properties. This article tackles the problem of assessing the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-29 Duc-Khanh To , Gianfranco Adimari , Monica Chiogna

In clinical settings, we often face the challenge of building prediction models based on small observational data sets. For example, such a data set might be from a medical center in a multi-center study. Differences between centers might…

Hierarchical model fitting has become commonplace for case-control studies of cognition and behaviour in mental health. However, these techniques require us to formalise assumptions about the data-generating process at the group level,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Vincent Valton , Toby Wise , Oliver J. Robinson

A platform trial is an innovative clinical trial design that enables simultaneous and continuous evaluation of multiple treatments within a single master protocol. Existing robust methods restrict analyses to concurrently randomized…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-15 Yuhan Qian , Yu Du , Jingning Zhang , Yanyao Yi , Patrick J. Heagerty , Ting Ye

In learning problems, the noise inherent to the task at hand hinders the possibility to infer without a certain degree of uncertainty. Quantifying this uncertainty, regardless of its wide use, assumes high relevance for security-sensitive…

Non-prehensile manipulation such as pushing is typically subject to uncertain, non-smooth dynamics. However, modeling the uncertainty of the dynamics typically results in intractable belief dynamics, making data-efficient planning under…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Julius Jankowski , Lara Brudermüller , Nick Hawes , Sylvain Calinon

Consider the problem of estimating average treatment effects when a large number of covariates are used to adjust for possible confounding through outcome regression and propensity score models. The conventional approach of model building…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-01-31 Zhiqiang Tan

A randomized trial and an analysis of observational data designed to emulate the trial sample observations separately, but have the same eligibility criteria, collect information on some shared baseline covariates, and compare the effects…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-29 Issa J. Dahabreh , Jon A. Steingrimsson , James M. Robins , Miguel A. Hernán

Our aging population increasingly suffers from multiple chronic diseases simultaneously, necessitating the comprehensive treatment of these conditions. Finding the optimal set of drugs for a combinatorial set of diseases is a combinatorial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-16 Pranjul Yadav , Lisiane Prunelli , Alexander Hoff , Michael Steinbach , Bonnie Westra , Vipin Kumar , Gyorgy Simon

Conjoint analysis is a popular experimental design used to measure multidimensional preferences. Researchers examine how varying a factor of interest, while controlling for other relevant factors, influences decision-making. Currently,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-20 Dae Woong Ham , Kosuke Imai , Lucas Janson

In a well-calibrated risk prediction model, the average predicted probability is close to the true event rate for any given subgroup. Such models are reliable across heterogeneous populations and satisfy strong notions of algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Jean Feng , Alexej Gossmann , Romain Pirracchio , Nicholas Petrick , Gene Pennello , Berkman Sahiner

Recently, a growing body of research has focused on either optimizing CTR model architectures to better model feature interactions or refining training objectives to aid parameter learning, thereby achieving better predictive performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Moyu Zhang , Yun Chen , Yujun Jin , Jinxin Hu , Yu Zhang , Xiaoyi Zeng