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Covariate-adaptive randomization is widely employed to balance baseline covariates in interventional studies such as clinical trials and experiments in development economics. Recent years have witnessed substantial progress in inference…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-30 Jiahui Xin , Hanzhong Liu , Wei Ma

The group testing problem asks for efficient pooling schemes and algorithms that allow to screen moderately large numbers of samples for rare infections. The goal is to accurately identify the infected samples while conducting the least…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-19 AminCoja-Oghlan , Max Hahn-Klimroth , Philipp Loick , Manuel Penschuck

Randomized experiments have become a cornerstone of evidence-based decision-making in contexts ranging from online platforms to public health. However, in experimental settings with network interference, a unit's treatment can influence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Sadegh Shirani , Yuwei Luo , William Overman , Ruoxuan Xiong , Mohsen Bayati

Identifying subgroups, which respond differently to a treatment, both in terms of efficacy and safety, is an important part of drug development. A well-known challenge in exploratory subgroup analyses is the small sample size in the…

Computation · Statistics 2016-06-28 Marius Thomas , Björn Bornkamp

We study simultaneous inference for multiple matrix-variate Gaussian graphical models in high-dimensional settings. Such models arise when spatiotemporal data are collected across multiple sample groups or experimental sessions, where each…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-21 Zongge Liu , Heejong Bong , Zhao Ren , Matthew A. Smith , Robert E. Kass

Adaptive medical AI models often face performance drops in dynamic clinical environments due to data drift. We propose an autonomous continuous monitoring and data integration framework that maintains robust performance over time. Focusing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Mohammad Daouk , Jan Ulrich Becker , Neeraja Kambham , Anthony Chang , Chandra Mohan , Hien Van Nguyen

Matching is one of the simplest approaches for estimating causal effects from observational data. Matching techniques compare the observed outcomes across pairs of individuals with similar covariate values but different treatment statuses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Abhishek Dalvi , Neil Ashtekar , Vasant Honavar

An important task in early phase drug development is to identify patients, which respond better or worse to an experimental treatment. While a variety of different subgroup identification methods have been developed for the situation of…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-22 Marius Thomas , Björn Bornkamp , Heidi Seibold

Protein function relies on dynamic conformational ensembles, yet current generative models like AlphaFold3 often fail to produce ensembles that match experimental data. Recent experiment-guided generators attempt to address this by steering…

Generative models typically sample outputs independently, and recent inference-time guidance and scaling algorithms focus on improving the quality of individual samples. However, in real-world applications, users are often presented with a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Gaurav Parmar , Or Patashnik , Daniil Ostashev , Kuan-Chieh Wang , Kfir Aberman , Srinivasa Narasimhan , Jun-Yan Zhu

How do groups of individuals achieve consensus in movement decisions? Do individuals follow their friends, the one predetermined leader, or whomever just happens to be nearby? To address these questions computationally, we formalize…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-20 Chainarong Amornbunchornvej , Tanya Berger-Wolf

Unquantified sources of uncertainty in observational causal analyses can break the integrity of the results. One would never want another analyst to repeat a calculation with the same dataset, using a seemingly identical procedure, only to…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-12 Marco Morucci , Md. Noor-E-Alam , Cynthia Rudin

Experimental and observational studies often lack validity due to untestable assumptions. We propose a double machine learning approach to combine experimental and observational studies, allowing practitioners to test for assumption…

In randomized clinical trials, adjustments for baseline covariates at both design and analysis stages are highly encouraged by regulatory agencies. A recent trend is to use a model-assisted approach for covariate adjustment to gain…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-14 Ting Ye , Jun Shao , Yanyao Yi , Qingyuan Zhao

Invariance-based randomization tests -- such as permutation tests, rotation tests, or sign changes -- are an important and widely used class of statistical methods. They allow drawing inferences under weak assumptions on the data…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-31 Edgar Dobriban

A stepped wedge design is a unidirectional crossover design where clusters are randomized to distinct treatment sequences. While model-based analysis of stepped wedge designs is standard practice to evaluate treatment effects accounting for…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-13 Bingkai Wang , Xueqi Wang , Fan Li

We propose a new perspective for the evaluation of matching procedures by considering the complexity of the function class they belong to. Under this perspective we provide theoretical guarantees on post-matching covariate balance through a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-04 Efrén Cruz Cortés , Kevin Josey , Fan Yang , Debashis Ghosh

The synthetic control method is often applied to problems with one treated unit and a small number of control units. A common inferential task in this setting is to test null hypotheses regarding the average treatment effect on the treated.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-22 Lihua Lei , Timothy Sudijono

Prediction of mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients typically relies on black box models (that are unacceptable for use in hospitals) or hand-tuned interpretable models (that might lead to the loss in performance). We aim to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Chloe Qinyu Zhu , Muhang Tian , Lesia Semenova , Jiachang Liu , Jack Xu , Joseph Scarpa , Cynthia Rudin

We develop an encompassing framework for matching, covariate balancing, and doubly-robust methods for causal inference from observational data called generalized optimal matching (GOM). The framework is given by generalizing a new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-30 Nathan Kallus