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Related papers: A Survey on Uncertainty Toolkits for Deep Learning

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Transformer-based language models have set new benchmarks across a wide range of NLP tasks, yet reliably estimating the uncertainty of their predictions remains a significant challenge. Existing uncertainty estimation (UE) techniques often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Elizaveta Kostenok , Daniil Cherniavskii , Alexey Zaytsev

Data-driven forecasts of air quality have recently achieved more accurate short-term predictions. Despite their success, most of the current data-driven solutions lack proper quantifications of model uncertainty that communicate how much to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Abdulmajid Murad , Frank Alexander Kraemer , Kerstin Bach , Gavin Taylor

Universal machine learning interatomic potentials (uMLIPs) are reshaping atomistic simulation as foundation models, delivering near \textit{ab initio} accuracy at a fraction of the cost. Yet the lack of reliable, general uncertainty…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-07-30 Kai Liu , Zixiong Wei , Wei Gao , Poulumi Dey , Marcel H. F. Sluiter , Fei Shuang

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) often require external tools, such as machine learning classifiers or knowledge retrieval systems, to provide accurate answers in domains where their pre-trained knowledge is insufficient. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Panagiotis Lymperopoulos , Vasanth Sarathy

When the cost of misclassifying a sample is high, it is useful to have an accurate estimate of uncertainty in the prediction for that sample. There are also multiple types of uncertainty which are best estimated in different ways, for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Richard Harang , Ethan M. Rudd

The utility of deep learning models, such as CheXNet, in high stakes clinical settings is fundamentally constrained by their purely deterministic nature, failing to provide reliable measures of predictive confidence. This project addresses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yasiru Laksara , Uthayasanker Thayasivam

Uncertainty is a key feature of any machine learning model and is particularly important in neural networks, which tend to be overconfident. This overconfidence is worrying under distribution shifts, where the model performance silently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Arthur Thuy , Dries F. Benoit

This paper questions the effectiveness of a modern predictive uncertainty quantification approach, called \emph{evidential deep learning} (EDL), in which a single neural network model is trained to learn a meta distribution over the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Maohao Shen , J. Jon Ryu , Soumya Ghosh , Yuheng Bu , Prasanna Sattigeri , Subhro Das , Gregory W. Wornell

Deep learning (DL) has recently attracted increasing interest to improve object type classification for automotive radar.In addition to high accuracy, it is crucial for decision making in autonomous vehicles to evaluate the reliability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Kanil Patel , William Beluch , Kilian Rambach , Adriana-Eliza Cozma , Michael Pfeiffer , Bin Yang

Recent performance breakthroughs in Artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine learning (ML), especially advances in Deep learning (DL), the availability of powerful, easy-to-use ML libraries (e.g., scikit-learn, TensorFlow, PyTorch.), and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Mahmoud Yaseen , Xu Wu

Deep learning (DL) has shown great potential in digital pathology applications. The robustness of a diagnostic DL-based solution is essential for safe clinical deployment. In this work we evaluate if adding uncertainty estimates for DL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Milda Pocevičiūtė , Gabriel Eilertsen , Sofia Jarkman , Claes Lundström

Deep Learning is becoming an increasingly important way to produce accurate hydrological predictions across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Uncertainty estimations are critical for actionable hydrological forecasting, and while…

Faithful uncertainty quantification (UQ) is paramount in high stakes climate prediction. Deep ensembles, or ensembles of probabilistic neural networks, are state of the art for UQ in machine learning (ML) and are growing increasingly…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Devin M. McAfee , Elizabeth A. Barnes

Scientific Machine Learning is a new class of approaches that integrate physical knowledge and mechanistic models with data-driven techniques for uncovering governing equations of complex processes. Among the available approaches, Universal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-14 Nina Schmid , David Fernandes del Pozo , Willem Waegeman , Jan Hasenauer

Large language models (LLMs) often produce confident yet incorrect responses, and uncertainty quantification is one potential solution to more robust usage. Recent works routinely rely on self-consistency to estimate aleatoric uncertainty…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kimia Hamidieh , Veronika Thost , Walter Gerych , Mikhail Yurochkin , Marzyeh Ghassemi

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is crucial in safety-critical applications such as medical image segmentation. Total uncertainty is typically decomposed into data-related aleatoric uncertainty (AU) and model-related epistemic uncertainty…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jakob Lønborg Christensen , Vedrana Andersen Dahl , Morten Rieger Hannemose , Anders Bjorholm Dahl , Christian F. Baumgartner

Trust is a crucial factor affecting the adoption of machine learning (ML) models. Qualitative studies have revealed that end-users, particularly in the medical domain, need models that can express their uncertainty in decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Andrew Houston , Georgina Cosma

Deployed language models must decide not only what to answer but also when not to answer. We present UniCR, a unified framework that turns heterogeneous uncertainty evidence including sequence likelihoods, self-consistency dispersion,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Markus Oehri , Giulia Conti , Kaviraj Pather , Alexandre Rossi , Laia Serra , Adrian Parody , Rogvi Johannesen , Aviaja Petersen , Arben Krasniqi

The correct way to quantify predictive uncertainty in neural networks remains a topic of active discussion. In particular, it is unclear whether the state-of-the art entropy decomposition leads to a meaningful representation of model, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Lisa Wimmer , Bernd Bischl , Ludwig Bothmann

Deep learning (DL) techniques have achieved great success in predictive accuracy in a variety of tasks, but deep neural networks (DNNs) are shown to produce highly overconfident scores for even abnormal samples. Well-defined uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Yufei Li , Simin Chen , Wei Yang