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The complex Hilbert space of standard quantum mechanics may be treated as a real Hilbert space. The pure states of the complex theory become mixed states in the real formulation. It is then possible to generalize standard quantum mechanics,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jan Myrheim

Classical dynamics is formulated as a Hamiltonian flow on phase space, while quantum mechanics is formulated as a unitary dynamics in Hilbert space. These different formulations have made it difficult to directly compare quantum and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. J. Scott , G. J. Milburn

We show how quantum mechanics can be understood as a space-time theory provided that its spatial continuum is modelled by a variable real number (qrumber) continuum. Such a continuum can be constructed using only standard Hilbert space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Corbett , T. Durt

Whether gravity must be quantized remains one of the biggest open problems in fundamental physics. Classical-quantum hybrid theories have recently attracted attention as a possible framework in which gravity is treated classically yet…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Masahiro Hotta , Sebastian Murk , Daniel R. Terno

It is shown that a Hilbert space can be constructed for a quantum system starting from a framework in which histories are fundamental. The Decoherence Functional provides the inner product on this "History Hilbert space". It is also shown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-07-05 Fay Dowker , Steven Johnston , Rafael D. Sorkin

We study classical Hamiltonian systems in which the intrinsic proper time evolution parameter is related through a probability distribution to the physical time, which is assumed to be discrete. In this way, a physical clock with discrete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. -T. Elze

There has been a body of works deriving the complex Hilbert space structure of quantum theory from axioms/principles/postulates to deepen our understanding about quantum theory and to reveal ways to go beyond it to resolve foundational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-26 Ding Jia

We show that the main difference between classical and quantum systems can be understood in terms of information entropy. Classical systems can be considered the ones where the internal dynamics can be known with arbitrary precision while…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-28 Gabriele Carcassi , Christine A. Aidala

We briefly review the most relevant aspects of complete integrability for classical systems and identify those aspects which should be present in a definition of quantum integrability. We show that a naive extension of classical concepts to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-10-08 J. Clemente-Gallardo , G. Marmo

If there exists a classical, i.e. deterministic theory underlying quantum mechanics, an explanation must be found of the fact that the Hamiltonian, which is defined to be the operator that generates evolution in time, is bounded from below.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Gerard 't Hooft

To enhance the consistency between the quantum descriptions of waves and particles, we quantise mechanical point particles in this paper in the same physically-motivated way as we previously quantised light in quantum electrodynamics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Arwa Bukhari , Daniel Hodgson , Sara Kanzi , Robert Purdy , Almut Beige

The approximations of classical mechanics resulting from quantum mechanics are richer than a correspondence of classical dynamical variables with self-adjoint Hilbert space operators. Assertion that classical dynamic variables correspond to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-08 Glenn Eric Johnson

The classical and quantum features of Nambu mechanics are analyzed and fundamental issues are resolved. The classical theory is reviewed and developed utilizing varied examples. The quantum theory is discussed in a parallel presentation,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-02 Thomas Curtright , Cosmas Zachos

Probabilistic description of results of measurements and its consequences for understanding quantum mechanics are discussed. It is shown that the basic mathematical structure of quantum mechanics like the probability amplitude, Born rule,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Skala , V. Kapsa

We show that the classical mechanics of an algebraic model are implied by its quantizations. An algebraic model is defined, and the corresponding classical and quantum realizations are given in terms of a spectrum generating algebra.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stephen D. Bartlett , David J. Rowe

In this paper a didactic approach is described which immediately leads to an understanding of those postulates of quantum mechanics used most frequently in quantum computation. Moreover, an interpretation of quantum mechanics is presented…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-01-22 Christian Jansson

Quantum and classical mechanics are derived using four natural physical principles: (1) the laws of nature are invariant under time evolution, (2) the laws of nature are invariant under tensor composition, (3) the laws of nature are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-30 Florin Moldoveanu

In this paper, we demonstrate the equivalence between the complex Hilbert space and real Kahler space formulations of quantum mechanics. Complex numbers play an important role in the traditional formulation of quantum mechanics in complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-24 Igor Volovich

The properties which give quantum mechanics its unique character - unitarity, complementarity, non-commutativity, uncertainty, nonlocality - derive from the algebraic structure of Hermitian operators acting on the wavefunction in complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-14 Tim Palmer

Classical and quantum physics represent two distinct theories; however, quantum physics is regarded as the more fundamental of the two. It is posited that classical mechanics should arise from quantum mechanics under certain limiting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Abdul Rahaman Shaikh , Tabish Qureshi