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Quantum gates are the fundamental instructions of digital quantum computers. Current programming languages, systems, and software development toolkits identify these operational gates by their titles, which requires a shared understanding…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Ed Younis

The success of a quantum algorithm hinges on the ability to orchestrate a successful application induction. Detrimental overheads in mapping general quantum circuits to physically implementable routines can be the deciding factor between a…

Quantum process tomography (QPT) plays a central role in characterizing quantum gates and circuits, diagnosing quantum devices, calibrating hardware, and supporting quantum error correction. However, conventional QPT methods face challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Huynh Le Dan Linh , Vu Tuan Hai , Le Bin Ho

We introduce a model-checking tool intended specially for the analysis of quantum information protocols. The tool incorporates an efficient representation of a certain class of quantum circuits, namely those expressible in the so-called…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-04-21 Simon Gay , Rajagopal Nagarajan , Nikolaos Papanikolaou

Modern Just-in-Time compilers (or JITs) typically interleave several mechanisms to execute a program. For faster startup times and to observe the initial behavior of an execution, interpretation can be initially used. But after a while,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Aurèle Barrière , Sandrine Blazy , David Pichardie

We present an algorithm for compiling arbitrary unitaries into a sequence of gates native to a quantum processor. As accurate CNOT gates are hard for the foreseeable Noisy- Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices era, our A* inspired algorithm…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Marc Grau Davis , Ethan Smith , Ana Tudor , Koushik Sen , Irfan Siddiqi , Costin Iancu

We present a self-certifying compiler for the COGENT systems language. COGENT is a restricted, polymorphic, higher-order, and purely functional language with linear types and without the need for a trusted runtime or garbage collector. It…

Quipper is a recently released quantum programming language. In this report, we explore Quipper's programming framework by implementing the Deutsch's, Deutsch-Jozsa's, Simon's, Grover's, and Shor's factoring algorithms. It will help new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-19 Safat Siddiqui , Mohammed Jahirul Islam , Omar Shehab

The field of quantum algorithms is vibrant. Still, there is currently a lack of programming languages for describing quantum computation on a practical scale, i.e., not just at the level of toy problems. We address this issue by introducing…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-07-08 Alexander S. Green , Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine , Neil J. Ross , Peter Selinger , Benoît Valiron

In the NISQ era, where quantum computing is dominated by hybrid quantum algorithms, it is important for quantum circuits to be well-optimized to reduce noise from unnecessary gates. We investigate different phase polynomial-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-23 Arianne Meijer - van de Griend

We present \texttt{lcg\_plus}, an open-source Python library for the simulation of continuous-variable quantum circuits with both generaldyne and photon-number-resolving detector capabilities. Our framework merges the linear combination of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Olga Solodovnikova , Ulrik L. Andersen , Jonas S. Neergaard-Nielsen

While recent progress in quantum hardware open the door for significant speedup in certain key areas, quantum algorithms are still hard to implement right, and the validation of such quantum programs is a challenge. Early attempts either…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Christophe Chareton , Sébastien Bardin , François Bobot , Valentin Perrelle , Benoit Valiron

Intermediate representations (IRs) play a crucial role in the software stack of a quantum computer to facilitate efficient optimizations for executing an application on hardware. One of those IRs is the Quantum Intermediate Representation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Yannick Stade , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for code generation, yet quantum code generation is still evaluated mostly within single frameworks, making it difficult to separate quantum reasoning from framework familiarity. We…

This paper concerns the problem of checking if two shallow (i.e., constant-depth) quantum circuits perform equivalent computations. Equivalence checking is a fundamental correctness question -- needed, e.g., for ensuring that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-03 Nengkun Yu , Xuan Du Trinh , Thomas Reps

Common quantum algorithms make heavy use of ancillae: scratch qubits that are initialized at some state and later returned to that state and discarded. Existing quantum circuit languages let programmers assert that a qubit has been returned…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Robert Rand , Jennifer Paykin , Dong-Ho Lee , Steve Zdancewic

As the capabilities of quantum computing hardware continue to rise, algorithms that exploit them are becoming increasingly complex. These developments increase the need for sophisticated compilation frameworks that translate high-level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 Lukas Burgholzer , Daniel Haag , Yannick Stade , Damian Rovara , Patrick Hopf , Robert Wille

Quantum process tomography is a necessary tool for verifying quantum gates and diagnosing faults in architectures and gate design. We show that the standard approach of process tomography is grossly inaccurate in the case where the states…

Just-in-Time (JIT) compilers are used by many modern programming systems in order to improve performance. Bugs in JIT compilers provide exploitable security vulnerabilities and debugging them is difficult as they are large, complex, and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-07-02 HeuiChan Lim , Stephen Kobourov

Verification of quantum computation is a task to efficiently check whether an output given from a quantum computer is correct. Existing verification protocols conducted between a quantum computer to be verified and a verifier necessitate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-01 Yuki Takeuchi , Akihiro Mizutani