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Related papers: Strategic Behavior under Context Misalignment

200 papers

Humans rapidly learn abstract knowledge when encountering novel environments and flexibly deploy this knowledge to guide efficient and intelligent action. Can modern AI systems learn and plan in a similar way? We study this question using a…

We study strategic interaction in data-driven games where players face uncertainty about payoff distributions inferred from finite samples. To model calibrated attitudes toward such uncertainty, we formulate distributionally robust games…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Bharat Gangwani , Arunesh Sinha

In many game-theoretic settings, agents are challenged with taking decisions against the uncertain behavior exhibited by others. Often, this uncertainty arises from multiple sources, e.g., incomplete information, limited computation,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Nicolas Lanzetti , Sylvain Fricker , Saverio Bolognani , Florian Dörfler , Dario Paccagnan

In the realm of evolutionary game theory, standard frameworks typically presuppose that every player possesses comprehensive knowledge and unrestricted access to the entire strategy space. However, real-world human society inherently…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Feipeng Zhang , Te Wu , Guofeng Zhang , Long Wang

The rational choice theory is based on this idea that people rationally pursue goals for increasing their personal interests. In most conditions, the behavior of an actor is not independent of the person and others' behavior. Here, we…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-02-27 Madjid Eshaghi Gordji , Gholamreza Askari

In stochastic games with incomplete information, the uncertainty is evoked by the lack of knowledge about a player's own and the other players' types, i.e. the utility function and the policy space, and also the inherent stochasticity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Hannes Eriksson , Debabrota Basu , Mina Alibeigi , Christos Dimitrakakis

We develop a general game-theoretic framework for reasoning about strategic agents performing possibly costly computation. In this framework, many traditional game-theoretic results (such as the existence of a Nash equilibrium) no longer…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-12-10 Joseph Y. Halpern , Rafael Pass

Mutual trust is a key determinant of decision-making in economic interactions, yet actual behavior often diverges from equilibrium predictions. This study investigates how emotional arousal, indexed by skin conductance responses,SCR,…

General Economics · Economics 2025-11-25 Dhiraj Jagadale , Kavita Vemuri

In games with incomplete and ambiguous information, rational behavior depends not only on fundamental ambiguity (ambiguity about states) but also on strategic ambiguity (ambiguity about others' actions), which further induces hierarchies of…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-11-22 Takashi Ui

Prevalent theories in cognitive science propose that humans understand and represent the knowledge of the world through causal relationships. In making sense of the world, we build causal models in our mind to encode cause-effect relations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Prashan Madumal , Tim Miller , Liz Sonenberg , Frank Vetere

In multi-agent reinforcement learning, the problem of learning to act is particularly difficult because the policies of co-players may be heavily conditioned on information only observed by them. On the other hand, humans readily form…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Pol Moreno , Edward Hughes , Kevin R. McKee , Bernardo Avila Pires , Théophane Weber

This paper presents a novel approach to analyze human decision-making that involves comparing the behavior of professional chess players relative to a computational benchmark of cognitively bounded rationality. This benchmark is constructed…

General Economics · Economics 2020-12-03 Dainis Zegners , Uwe Sunde , Anthony Strittmatter

Understanding how people behave in strategic settings--where they make decisions based on their expectations about the behavior of others--is a long-standing problem in the behavioral sciences. We conduct the largest study to date of…

General Economics · Economics 2024-08-16 Jian-Qiao Zhu , Joshua C. Peterson , Benjamin Enke , Thomas L. Griffiths

This paper provides an analysis of different formal representations of beliefs in epistemic game theory. The aim is to attempt a synthesis of different structures of beliefs in the presence of indeterminate probabilities. Special attention…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-09-09 Yang Liu

We study a class of stochastic dynamic games that exhibit strategic complementarities between players; formally, in the games we consider, the payoff of a player has increasing differences between her own state and the empirical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2010-12-13 Sachin Adlakha , Ramesh Johari

We study cautious reasoning in finite sequential games played by agents with perfect recall. Our contribution lies in formulating a definition of prudent rationalizability (Heifetz et al. 2021, BEJTE) as an iterative reduction procedure of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Nicodemo De Vito

We study zero-sum differential games with state constraints and one-sided information, where the informed player (Player 1) has a categorical payoff type unknown to the uninformed player (Player 2). The goal of Player 1 is to minimize his…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Mukesh Ghimire , Lei Zhang , Zhe Xu , Yi Ren

In imperfect-information games, agents must make decisions based on partial knowledge of the game state. The Belief Stochastic Game model addresses this challenge by delegating state estimation to the game model itself. This allows agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Achille Morenville , Éric Piette

We evaluate Large Language Models (LLMs) in repeated game-theoretic settings to assess whether strategic performance reflects genuine reasoning or reliance on memorized patterns. We consider two canonical games, Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Dimitrios Georgousis , Maria Lymperaiou , Angeliki Dimitriou , Giorgos Filandrianos , Giorgos Stamou

We study linear quadratic dynamic games where players are uncertain about each other's control policies or goals and consequently seek to be strategically robust. Building on recent work on strategically robust and risk-averse game theory,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Boris Velasevic , Nicolas Lanzetti , Eric Mazumdar