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Evaluating radiology reports is a challenging problem as factual correctness is extremely important due to the need for accurate medical communication about medical images. Existing automatic evaluation metrics either suffer from failing to…

The sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) approach has recently been widely used in grammatical error correction (GEC) and shows promising performance. However, the Seq2Seq GEC approach still suffers from two issues. First, a Seq2Seq GEC model can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Houquan Zhou , Yumeng Liu , Zhenghua Li , Min Zhang , Bo Zhang , Chen Li , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang

Large language models perform well on high-resource pairs but are less reliable for Japanese-Chinese sentences containing noun-modifying clause constructions (NMCCs). This study evaluates a retrieval-augmented generation RAG+Prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Wenshi Gu

In recent years, pre-trained models have been extensively studied, and several downstream tasks have benefited from their utilization. In this study, we verify the effectiveness of two methods that incorporate a BERT-based pre-trained model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Hongfei Wang , Michiki Kurosawa , Satoru Katsumata , Mamoru Komachi

Grammatical error correction is a significant task in NLP. Traditional methods based on encoder-decoder models have achieved certain success, but the application of LLMs in this field is still underexplored. Current research predominantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yilin Li , Xunjian Yin , Yilin Chen , Xiaojun Wan

Most previous approaches to Chinese word segmentation can be roughly classified into character-based and word-based methods. The former regards this task as a sequence-labeling problem, while the latter directly segments character sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Zhiqing Sun , Gehui Shen , Zhihong Deng

Evaluation metrics are a key ingredient for progress of text generation systems. In recent years, several BERT-based evaluation metrics have been proposed (including BERTScore, MoverScore, BLEURT, etc.) which correlate much better with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Marvin Kaster , Wei Zhao , Steffen Eger

While large-scale language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in specific natural language processing (NLP) tasks, they may still lack proficiency compared to specialized models in certain domains, such as grammatical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Tao Fang , Derek F. Wong , Lusheng Zhang , Keyan Jin , Qiang Zhang , Tianjiao Li , Jinlong Hou , Lidia S. Chao

Intent classification has been widely researched on English data with deep learning approaches that are based on neural networks and word embeddings. The challenge for Chinese intent classification stems from the fact that, unlike English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Ruixi Lin , Charles Costello , Charles Jankowski

While machine translation evaluation metrics based on string overlap (e.g., BLEU) have their limitations, their computations are transparent: the BLEU score assigned to a particular candidate translation can be traced back to the presence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Marzena Karpinska , Nishant Raj , Katherine Thai , Yixiao Song , Ankita Gupta , Mohit Iyyer

Alignment has become a critical step for instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) to become helpful assistants. However, the effective evaluation of alignment for emerging Chinese LLMs is still largely unexplored. To fill in this gap,…

Evaluating grammatical error correction requires metrics that reflect the diversity of valid human corrections rather than privileging a single reference. Existing frameworks, largely edit-based and English-centric, rely on rigid alignments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Eitan Klinger , Zihao Huang , Tran Minh Nguyen , Emma Jayeon Park , Yige Chen , Yang Gu , Qingyu Gao , Siliang Liu , Mengyang Qiu , Jungyeul Park

Grammatical error correction (GEC) is one of the areas in natural language processing in which purely neural models have not yet superseded more traditional symbolic models. Hybrid systems combining phrase-based statistical machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Felix Stahlberg , Christopher Bryant , Bill Byrne

Chinese word segmentation has entered the deep learning era which greatly reduces the hassle of feature engineering. Recently, some researchers attempted to treat it as character-level translation, which further simplified model designing,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Pinzhen Chen , Kenneth Heafield

Currently available grammatical error correction (GEC) datasets are compiled using well-formed written text, limiting the applicability of these datasets to other domains such as informal writing and dialog. In this paper, we present a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Xun Yuan , Derek Pham , Sam Davidson , Zhou Yu

BERT-based models have shown a remarkable ability in the Chinese Spelling Check (CSC) task recently. However, traditional BERT-based methods still suffer from two limitations. First, although previous works have identified that explicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Yongchang Cao , Liang He , Zhen Wu , Xinyu Dai

We propose IMPARA-GED, a novel reference-free automatic grammatical error correction (GEC) evaluation method with grammatical error detection (GED) capabilities. We focus on the quality estimator of IMPARA, an existing automatic GEC…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yusuke Sakai , Takumi Goto , Taro Watanabe

Chinese sequence labeling tasks are heavily reliant on accurate word boundary demarcation. Although current pre-trained language models (PLMs) have achieved substantial gains on these tasks, they rarely explicitly incorporate boundary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Longhui Zhang , Dingkun Long , Meishan Zhang , Yanzhao Zhang , Pengjun Xie , Min Zhang

The prevalent use of too few references for evaluating text-to-text generation is known to bias estimates of their quality ({\it low coverage bias} or LCB). This paper shows that overcoming LCB in Grammatical Error Correction (GEC)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Leshem Choshen , Omri Abend

Grammar error correction (GEC) systems have become ubiquitous in a variety of software applications, and have started to approach human-level performance for some datasets. However, very little is known about how to efficiently personalize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Maria Nadejde , Joel Tetreault