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Here, I ask what we can learn about how gender affects how people engage with robots. I review 46 empirical studies of social robots, published 2018 or earlier, which report on the gender of their participants or the perceived or intended…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-04 David Gray Widder

Previous research found that robots should best be designed to fit their given task, whilst others identified gender effects in people's evaluations of robots. This study combines this knowledge to investigate stereotyping effects of robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Sven Y. Neuteboom , Maartje M. A. de Graaf

Gender is a primary characteristic by which people organize themselves. Previous research has shown that people tend to unknowingly ascribe gender to robots based on features of their embodiment. Yet, robots are not necessarily ascribed the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Katie Seaborn , Peter Pennefather

In this study, we investigate the human perception of gender and bias toward non-humanoid robots. As robots increasingly integrate into various sectors beyond industry, it is essential to understand how humans engage with non-humanoid…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Mahya Ramezani , Jose Luis Sanchez-Lopez

Perceptions of gender are a significant aspect of human-human interaction, and gender has wide-reaching social implications for robots deployed in contexts where they are expected to interact with humans. This work explored two flexible…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Nathaniel S. Dennler , Mina Kian , Stefanos Nikolaidis , Maja Matarić

Gender is a social framework through which people organize themselves-and non-human subjects, including robots. Research stretching back decades has found evidence that people tend to gender artificial agents unwittingly, even with the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Katie Seaborn , Peter Pennefather

The discussion around the problematic practice of gendering humanoid robots has risen to the foreground in the last few years. To lay the basis for a thorough understanding of how robot's "gender" has been understood within the Human-Robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Giulia Perugia , Dominika Lisy

The "gender" of intelligent agents, virtual characters, social robots, and other agentic machines has emerged as a fundamental topic in studies of people's interactions with computers. Perceptions of agent gender can help explain user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Katie Seaborn , Madeleine Steeds , Ilaria Torre , Martina De Cet , Katie Winkle , Marcus Göransson

Social robots are becoming increasingly diverse in their design, behavior, and usage. In this chapter, we provide a broad-ranging overview of the main characteristics that arise when one considers social robots and their interactions with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Kim Baraka , Patrícia Alves-Oliveira , Tiago Ribeiro

Gender/ing guides how we view ourselves, the world around us, and each other--including non-humans. Critical voices have raised the alarm about stereotyped gendering in the design of socially embodied artificial agents like voice…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Katie Seaborn , Alexa Frank

A robot's appearance is a known factor influencing user's mental model and human-robot interaction, that has not been studied in the context of its influence in expected robot explanations. In this study, we investigate whether and to what…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Hana Kopecka , Jose Such

As different research works report and daily life experiences confirm, learning models can result in biased outcomes. The biased learned models usually replicate historical discrimination in society and typically negatively affect the less…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Juana Valeria Hurtado , Valentina Mejia

Gender contains a wide range of information regarding to the characteristics difference between male and female. Successful gender recognition is essential and critical for many applications in the commercial domains such as applications of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-03-17 Yingxiao Wu , Yan Zhuang , Xi Long , Feng Lin , Wenyao Xu

As robots become increasingly integrated into daily life, understanding responses to robot mistreatment carries important ethical and design implications. This mixed-methods study (N = 201) examined how anthropomorphic levels and moral…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Fan Yang , Renkai Ma , Yaxin Hu , Lingyao Li

The emergence and spread of humanlike robots into increasingly public domains has revealed a concerning phenomenon: people's unabashed dehumanization of robots, particularly those gendered as female. Here we examined this phenomenon further…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-08-02 Megan Strait , Ana Sánchez Ramos , Virginia Contreras , Noemi Garcia

The demand for social robots in fields like healthcare, education, and entertainment increases due to their emotional adaptation features. These robots leverage multimodal communication, incorporating speech, facial expressions, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Rita Frieske , Xiaoyu Mo , Yini Fang , Jay Nieles , Bertram E. Shi

Chatbots are popular machine partners for task-oriented and social interactions. Human-human computer-mediated communication research has explored how people express their gender and sexuality in online social interactions, but little is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Justin Edwards , Leigh Clark , Allison Perrone

The development of assistive robots for social collaboration raises critical questions about responsible and inclusive design, especially when interacting with individuals from protected groups such as those with disabilities or advanced…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Sabrina Livanec , Laura Londoño , Michael Gorki , Adrian Röfer , Abhinav Valada , Andrea Kiesel

The growing development of robots with artificial emotional expressiveness raises important questions about their persuasive potential in children's behavior. While research highlights the pragmatic value of emotional expressiveness in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Elisabetta Zibetti , Sureya Waheed Palmer , Rebecca Stower , Salvatore M Anzalone

The rapid development of social robots has challenged robotics and cognitive sciences to understand humans' perception of the appearance of robots. In this study, robot-associated words spontaneously generated by humans were analyzed to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Bing Li , Oumayma Ajjaji , Robin Gigandet , Tatjana Nazir
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