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Recently, there has been significant progress in understanding the convergence and generalization properties of gradient-based methods for training overparameterized learning models. However, many aspects including the role of small random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Dominik Stöger , Changzhi Xie

In this paper, we study the implicit bias of gradient descent for sparse regression. We extend results on regression with quadratic parametrization, which amounts to depth-2 diagonal linear networks, to more general depth-N networks, under…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-28 Jiangyuan Li , Thanh V. Nguyen , Chinmay Hegde , Raymond K. W. Wong

It is often observed that stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its variants implicitly select a solution with good generalization performance; such implicit bias is often characterized in terms of the sharpness of the minima. Kleinberg et…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-28 Atsushi Nitanda , Ryuhei Kikuchi , Shugo Maeda , Denny Wu

This paper studies the convergence of the mirror descent algorithm for finite horizon stochastic control problems with measure-valued control processes. The control objective involves a convex regularisation function, denoted as $h$, with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-22 Bekzhan Kerimkulov , David Šiška , Łukasz Szpruch , Yufei Zhang

Uniform sampling of training data has been commonly used in traditional stochastic optimization algorithms such as Proximal Stochastic Gradient Descent (prox-SGD) and Proximal Stochastic Dual Coordinate Ascent (prox-SDCA). Although uniform…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-01-05 Peilin Zhao , Tong Zhang

Mirror Descent (MD) is a scalable first-order method widely used in large-scale optimization, with applications in image processing, policy optimization, and neural network training. This paper generalizes MD to optimization on Riemannian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-19 Jiaxin Jiang , Lei Shi , Jiyuan Tan

Stochastic variance reduced gradient (SVRG) is a popular variance reduction technique for accelerating stochastic gradient descent (SGD). We provide a first analysis of the method for solving a class of linear inverse problems in the lens…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Bangti Jin , Zehui Zhou , Jun Zou

Many statistical estimators for high-dimensional linear regression are M-estimators, formed through minimizing a data-dependent square loss function plus a regularizer. This work considers a new class of estimators implicitly defined…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-15 Peng Zhao , Yun Yang , Qiao-Chu He

We study stochastic convex optimization under infinite noise variance. Specifically, when the stochastic gradient is unbiased and has uniformly bounded $(1+\kappa)$-th moment, for some $\kappa \in (0,1]$, we quantify the convergence rate of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-24 Nuri Mert Vural , Lu Yu , Krishnakumar Balasubramanian , Stanislav Volgushev , Murat A. Erdogdu

Stochastic optimization lies at the heart of machine learning, and its cornerstone is stochastic gradient descent (SGD), a method introduced over 60 years ago. The last 8 years have seen an exciting new development: variance reduction (VR)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Robert M. Gower , Mark Schmidt , Francis Bach , Peter Richtarik

Policy optimization, which finds the desired policy by maximizing value functions via optimization techniques, lies at the heart of reinforcement learning (RL). In addition to value maximization, other practical considerations arise as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Wenhao Zhan , Shicong Cen , Baihe Huang , Yuxin Chen , Jason D. Lee , Yuejie Chi

The mirror descent algorithm is known to be effective in situations where it is beneficial to adapt the mirror map to the underlying geometry of the optimization model. However, the effect of mirror maps on the geometry of distributed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-13 Anastasia Borovykh , Nikolas Kantas , Panos Parpas , Grigorios A. Pavliotis

The study on the implicit regularization induced by gradient-based optimization is a longstanding pursuit. In the present paper, we characterize the implicit regularization of momentum gradient descent (MGD) with early stopping by comparing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Li Wang , Yingcong Zhou , Zhiguo Fu

This paper is concerned with multi-agent optimization problem. A distributed randomized gradient-free mirror descent (DRGFMD) method is developed by introducing a randomized gradient-free oracle in the mirror descent scheme where the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-12 Zhan Yu , Daniel W. C. Ho , Deming Yuan

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is widely believed to perform implicit regularization when used to train deep neural networks, but the precise manner in which this occurs has thus far been elusive. We prove that SGD minimizes an average…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Pratik Chaudhari , Stefano Soatto

Gradient descent can be surprisingly good at optimizing deep neural networks without overfitting and without explicit regularization. We find that the discrete steps of gradient descent implicitly regularize models by penalizing gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 David G. T. Barrett , Benoit Dherin

Implicit regularization refers to the tendency of local search algorithms to converge to low-dimensional solutions, even when such structures are not explicitly enforced. Despite its ubiquity, the mechanism underlying this behavior remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Jianhao Ma , Geyu Liang , Salar Fattahi

Smoothness is crucial for attaining fast rates in first-order optimization. However, many optimization problems in modern machine learning involve non-smooth objectives. Recent studies relax the smoothness assumption by allowing the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Dingzhi Yu , Wei Jiang , Hongyi Tao , Yuanyu Wan , Lijun Zhang

We present two stochastic descent algorithms that apply to unconstrained optimization and are particularly efficient when the objective function is slow to evaluate and gradients are not easily obtained, as in some PDE-constrained…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-04-30 David Kozak , Stephen Becker , Alireza Doostan , Luis Tenorio

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a crucial technique in image processing, encoding, and understanding, especially for developing today's vision foundation models that utilize large-scale datasets without annotations to enhance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Chuang Niu , Wenjun Xia , Hongming Shan , Ge Wang