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Recent work has demonstrated that deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples---inputs that are almost indistinguishable from natural data and yet classified incorrectly by the network. In fact, some of the latest findings…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-06 Aleksander Madry , Aleksandar Makelov , Ludwig Schmidt , Dimitris Tsipras , Adrian Vladu

There is a rising interest in studying the robustness of deep neural network classifiers against adversaries, with both advanced attack and defence techniques being actively developed. However, most recent work focuses on discriminative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Yingzhen Li , John Bradshaw , Yash Sharma

With the advent of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), new attack vectors, such as cognitive bias, prompt injection, and jailbreaking, have emerged. Understanding these attacks promotes system robustness improvement and neural networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Chiyu Zhang , Lu Zhou , Xiaogang Xu , Jiafei Wu , Zhe Liu

While deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success in various computer vision tasks, they often fail to generalize to new domains and subtle variations of input images. Several defenses have been proposed to improve the robustness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Omid Poursaeed , Tianxing Jiang , Harry Yang , Serge Belongie , SerNam Lim

Mathematical reasoning is a primary indicator of large language models (LLMs) intelligence. However, existing LLMs exhibit failures of robustness and generalization. This paper attributes these deficiencies to spurious reasoning, i.e.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhejian Lai , Xiang Geng , Zhijun Wang , Yang Bai , Jiahuan Li , Rongxiang Weng , Jingang Wang , Xuezhi Cao , Xunliang Cai , Shujian Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to achieve impressive results for many reasoning-based NLP tasks, suggesting a degree of deductive reasoning capability. However, it remains unclear to which extent LLMs, in both informal and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Fabian Hoppe , Filip Ilievski , Jan-Christoph Kalo

In this paper, we tackle the emerging challenge of unintended harmful content generation in Large Language Models (LLMs) with a novel dual-stage optimisation technique using adversarial fine-tuning. Our two-pronged approach employs an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Charles O'Neill , Jack Miller , Ioana Ciuca , Yuan-Sen Ting , Thang Bui

We propose a novel technique to make neural network robust to adversarial examples using a generative adversarial network. We alternately train both classifier and generator networks. The generator network generates an adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Hyeungill Lee , Sungyeob Han , Jungwoo Lee

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to adversarial prompting despite advances in alignment and safety, often exhibiting harmful behaviors under novel attack strategies. While adversarial training can improve robustness, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yiwei Zhang , Jeremiah Birrell , Reza Ebrahimi , Rouzbeh Behnia , Jason Pacheco , Elisa Bertino

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics-aware adversarial attack problem of adaptive neural networks. Most existing adversarial attack algorithms are designed under a basic assumption -- the network architecture is fixed throughout the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-12 An Tao , Yueqi Duan , Yingqi Wang , Jiwen Lu , Jie Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, but their robustness against adversarial attacks remains a critical concern. We presents a novel white-box style attack approach that exposes vulnerabilities in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Zeyu Yang , Zhao Meng , Xiaochen Zheng , Roger Wattenhofer

This work presents CaFA, a system for Cost-aware Feasible Attacks for assessing the robustness of neural tabular classifiers against adversarial examples realizable in the problem space, while minimizing adversaries' effort. To this end,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Matan Ben-Tov , Daniel Deutch , Nave Frost , Mahmood Sharif

Adversarial training has been widely acknowledged as the most effective method to improve the adversarial robustness against adversarial examples for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). So far, most existing works focus on enhancing the overall…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Zeming Wei , Yifei Wang , Yiwen Guo , Yisen Wang

We introduce a lightweight yet highly effective safety guardrail framework for language models, demonstrating that small-scale language models can achieve, and even surpass, the performance of larger counterparts in content moderation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Aleksei Ilin , Gor Matevosyan , Xueying Ma , Vladimir Eremin , Suhaa Dada , Muqun Li , Riyaaz Shaik , Haluk Noyan Tokgozoglu

Neural networks are prone to misclassify slightly modified input images. Recently, many defences have been proposed, but none have improved the robustness of neural networks consistently. Here, we propose to use adversarial attacks as a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Shashank Kotyan , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

Benefiting from large-scale pre-training, we have witnessed significant performance boost on the popular Visual Question Answering (VQA) task. Despite rapid progress, it remains unclear whether these state-of-the-art (SOTA) models are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Linjie Li , Jie Lei , Zhe Gan , Jingjing Liu

We propose a method to learn deep ReLU-based classifiers that are provably robust against norm-bounded adversarial perturbations on the training data. For previously unseen examples, the approach is guaranteed to detect all adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Eric Wong , J. Zico Kolter

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent across many real-world applications, understanding and enhancing their robustness to adversarial attacks is of paramount importance. Existing methods for identifying adversarial…

Despite recent progress, state-of-the-art question answering models remain vulnerable to a variety of adversarial attacks. While dynamic adversarial data collection, in which a human annotator tries to write examples that fool a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Max Bartolo , Tristan Thrush , Robin Jia , Sebastian Riedel , Pontus Stenetorp , Douwe Kiela

Adversarial attacks pose significant challenges to deep neural networks (DNNs) such as Transformer models in natural language processing (NLP). This paper introduces a novel defense strategy, called GenFighter, which enhances adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Md Athikul Islam , Edoardo Serra , Sushil Jajodia