Related papers: Cofinal types below $\aleph_\omega$

We provide a direct and elementary proof of the fact that the category of Nachbin's compact ordered spaces is dually equivalent to an Aleph_1-ary variety of algebras. Further, we show that Aleph_1 is a sharp bound: compact ordered spaces…

For every $2n \times 2n$ positive definite matrix $A$ there are $n$ positive numbers $d_1(A) \leq \ldots \leq d_n(A)$ associated with $A$ called the symplectic eigenvalues of $A.$ It is known that $d_m$ are continuous functions of $A$ but…

Let $T_n$ be the set of 321-avoiding permutations of order $n$. Two properties of $T_n$ are proved: (1) The {\em last descent} and {\em last index minus one} statistics are equidistributed over $T_n$, and also over subsets of permutations…

For a Polish group G let cov_G be the minimal number of translates of a fixed closed nowhere dense subset of G required to cover G. For many locally compact G this cardinal is known to be consistently larger than cov(meager) which is the…

Let P be a polygon whose vertices have been colored (labeled) cyclically with the numbers 1,2,...,c. Motivated by conjectures of Propp, we are led to consider partitions of P into k-gons which are proper in the sense that each k-gon…

By extending a construction due to Gross and McMullen [2], we show that for any odd integer n and for any even integer d>n+2 there are infinitely many Salem numbers $\alpha$ of degree d such that $\alpha^n-1$ is a unit. A similar result is…

This note presents some results about Hankel determinants of backwards shifted Catalan-like numbers and related sequences.

Answering a question of Dobrinen and Todorcevic, we prove that below any stable ordered-union ultrafilter $\mathcal{U}$, there are exactly four nonprincipal Tukey classes: $[\mathcal{U}], [\mathcal{U}_{\operatorname{min}}],…

In this (partly expository) paper we give a short overview about the close relationship between the sequence of Catalan numbers and Hankel determinants from the point of view of orthogonal polynomials and show that an analogous situation…

In this paper we study the number of special directions of sets of cardinality divisible by $p$ on a finite plane of characteristic $p$, where $p$ is a prime. We show that there is no such a set with exactly two special directions. We…

For every integer $k \geq 2$ and every $A \subseteq \mathbb{N}$, we define the \emph{$k$-directions sets} of $A$ as $D^k(A) := \{{\bf a} / \|{\bf a}\| : {\bf a} \in A^k\}$ and $D^{\underline{k}}(A) := \{{\bf a} / \|{\bf a}\| : {\bf a} \in…

We study the properties of the odd Catalan numbers, C_n, modulo 2^k for k >= 2. We show that there exist only k - 1 different congruences of the odd Catalan numbers modulo 2^k. Moreover, these congruences can be obtained by C_{2^m - 1} (mod…

This study investigates the existence of tuples $(k, \ell, m)$ of integers such that all of $k$, $\ell$, $m$, $k+\ell$, $\ell+m$, $m+k$, $k+\ell+m$ belong to $S(\alpha)$, where $S(\alpha)$ is the set of all integers of the form $\lfloor…

We show that the order dimension of the partial order of all finite subsets of $\kappa$ under set inclusion is ${\log}_{2}({\log}_{2}(\kappa))$ whenever $\kappa$ is an infinite cardinal. We also show that the order dimension of any locally…

Dyck paths are among the most heavily studied Catalan families. This paper is a continuation of [2]. In the paper we are dealing with the numbering of Dyck paths, the terms of the OEIS sequence A036991 or Dyck numbers. We consider triplets…

We prove that for any degree d, there exist (families of) finite sequences a_0, a_1,..., a_d of positive numbers such that, for any real polynomial P of degree d, the number of its real roots is less than or equal to the number of the…

Dyck paths having height at most $h$ and without valleys at height $h-1$ are combinatorially interpreted by means of 312-avoding permutations with some restrictions on their \emph{left-to-right maxima}. The results are obtained by analyzing…

We analyze the structure and enumerate Dumont permutations of the first and second kinds avoiding certain patterns or sets of patterns of length 3 and 4. Some cardinalities are given by Catalan numbers, powers of 2, little Schroeder…

The Catalan number sequence is one of the most famous number sequences in combinatorics and is well studied in the literature. In this paper we further investigate its fundamental properties related to the moment problem and prove for the…

We develop a notion of finite order lacunarity for direction sets in $\mathbb R^{d+1}$. Given a direction set $\Omega$ that is sublacunary according to this definition, we construct random examples of Euclidean sets that contain unit line…