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Intracranial language brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are a promising route for restoring communication in people with severe motor and speech impairments, but clinical translation remains limited by fragmented evidence and unresolved…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-17 Dongyi He , Wai Ting Siok , Nizhuan Wang

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show immense promise for achieving truly human-like interactions, progress is hindered by the lack of fine-grained evaluation frameworks for human-centered scenarios, encompassing both the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Zheng Qin , Ruobing Zheng , Yabing Wang , Tianqi Li , Yi Yuan , Jingdong Chen , Le Wang

Real-world multimodal applications often require any-to-any capabilities, enabling both understanding and generation across modalities including text, image, audio, and video. However, integrating the strengths of autoregressive language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Jiulin Li , Ping Huang , Yexin Li , Shuo Chen , Juewen Hu , Ye Tian

Personalised education is one of the domains that can greatly benefit from the most recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLM). However, it is also one of the most challenging applications due to the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Sahan Bulathwela , Daniel Van Niekerk , Jarrod Shipton , Maria Perez-Ortiz , Benjamin Rosman , John Shawe-Taylor

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated amazing capabilities in language generation, text comprehension, and knowledge reasoning. While a single powerful model can already handle multiple tasks, relying on a single perspective can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Zining Qin , Chenhao Wang , Huiling Qin , Weijia Jia

Emotions play a central role in human communication, shaping trust, engagement, and social interaction. As artificial intelligence systems powered by large language models become increasingly integrated into everyday life, enabling them to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-11 Soumya Dutta

Vision-language models (VLMs) excel at multimodal understanding, yet their text-only decoding forces them to verbalize visual reasoning, limiting performance on tasks that demand visual imagination. Recent attempts train VLMs to render…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zeyuan Yang , Xueyang Yu , Delin Chen , Maohao Shen , Chuang Gan

Spatial cognition is fundamental to real-world multimodal intelligence, allowing models to effectively interact with the physical environment. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant strides, existing benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Peiran Xu , Sudong Wang , Yao Zhu , Jianing Li , Gege Qi , Yunjian Zhang

Recent closed-source multimodal systems have made great advances, but their hidden language for understanding the world remains opaque because of their black-box architectures. In this paper, we use the systems' preference bias to study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Juntu Zhao , Jialing Zhang , Chongxuan Li , Dequan Wang

Multimodal machine translation involves drawing information from more than one modality, based on the assumption that the additional modalities will contain useful alternative views of the input data. The most prominent tasks in this area…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Umut Sulubacak , Ozan Caglayan , Stig-Arne Grönroos , Aku Rouhe , Desmond Elliott , Lucia Specia , Jörg Tiedemann

Language models (LMs) and their extension, vision-language models (VLMs), have achieved remarkable performance across various tasks. However, they still struggle with complex reasoning tasks that require multimodal or multilingual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Wenyi Wu , Zixuan Song , Kun Zhou , Yifei Shao , Zhiting Hu , Biwei Huang

Turn-taking, aiming to decide when the next speaker can start talking, is an essential component in building human-robot spoken dialogue systems. Previous studies indicate that multimodal cues can facilitate this challenging task. However,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-22 Jiudong Yang , Peiying Wang , Yi Zhu , Mingchao Feng , Meng Chen , Xiaodong He

A new approach for implementing number of expressions, emotions and, actions to operate objects through the thoughts of brain using a Non-Invasive Brain Computing Interface (BCI) technique has been proposed. In this paper a survey on brain…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2013-02-13 M. Rajyalakshmi , T. Kameswara Rao , T. V. Prasad

One of the current AI issues depicted in popular culture is the fear of conscious super AIs that try to take control over humanity. And as computational power goes upwards and that turns more and more into a reality, understanding…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-22 Daniel Lopes

Understanding human perceptions presents a formidable multimodal challenge for computers, encompassing aspects such as sentiment tendencies and sense of humor. While various methods have recently been introduced to extract…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Hao Sun , Ziwei Niu , Xinyao Yu , Jiaqing Liu , Yen-Wei Chen , Lanfen Lin

Large language models (LLMs) have substantially advanced machine learning research, including natural language processing, computer vision, data mining, etc., yet they still exhibit critical limitations in explainability, reliability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Xin Wang , Haoyang Li , Haibo Chen , Zeyang Zhang , Wenwu Zhu

Learning multimodal representations involves integrating information from multiple heterogeneous sources of data. It is a challenging yet crucial area with numerous real-world applications in multimedia, affective computing, robotics,…

Cognitive science and neuroscience have long faced the challenge of disentangling representations of language from representations of conceptual meaning. As the same problem arises in today's language models (LMs), we investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Maria Ryskina , Greta Tuckute , Alexander Fung , Ashley Malkin , Evelina Fedorenko

Unsupervised neural machine translation (UNMT) has recently achieved remarkable results with only large monolingual corpora in each language. However, the uncertainty of associating target with source sentences makes UNMT theoretically an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Yuanhang Su , Kai Fan , Nguyen Bach , C. -C. Jay Kuo , Fei Huang

Theory-of-Mind (ToM) enables humans to infer mental states-such as beliefs, desires, and intentions-forming the foundation of social cognition. However, existing computational ToM methods rely on structured workflows with ToM-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chunhui Zhang , Zhongyu Ouyang , Kwonjoon Lee , Nakul Agarwal , Sean Dae Houlihan , Soroush Vosoughi , Shao-Yuan Lo