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Related papers: Handling and Presenting Harmful Text in NLP Resear…

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Hate speech is a challenging issue plaguing the online social media. While better models for hate speech detection are continuously being developed, there is little research on the bias and interpretability aspects of hate speech. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Binny Mathew , Punyajoy Saha , Seid Muhie Yimam , Chris Biemann , Pawan Goyal , Animesh Mukherjee

Toxicity and harassment are widespread in the video-gaming context. Especially in competitive online multiplayer scenarios, gamers oftentimes send harmful messages to other players (teammates or opponents) whose consequences span from mild…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jonas Ave , Irdin Pekaric , Matthias Frohner , Giovanni Apruzzese

Language models trained on large-scale unfiltered datasets curated from the open web acquire systemic biases, prejudices, and harmful views from their training data. We present a methodology for programmatically identifying and removing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Helen Ngo , Cooper Raterink , João G. M. Araújo , Ivan Zhang , Carol Chen , Adrien Morisot , Nicholas Frosst

While memes are often humorous, they are frequently used to disseminate hate, causing serious harm to individuals and society. Current approaches to hateful meme detection mainly rely on pre-trained language models. However, less focus has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Weibin Cai , Jiayu Li , Reza Zafarani

Hate speech and misinformation frequently co-occur online, amplifying prejudice and polarization. Given their scale, using Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist expert counterspeech (CS) writing has gained interest, yet prior work has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Genoveffa Martone , Helena Bonaldi , Marco Guerini

Toxic language includes content that is offensive, abusive, or that promotes harm. Progress in preventing toxic output from large language models (LLMs) is hampered by inconsistent definitions of toxicity. We introduce TRuST, a large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Berk Atil , Namrata Sureddy , Rebecca J. Passonneau

Clarifying the research framing of NLP artefacts (e.g., models, datasets, etc.) is crucial to aligning research with practical applications. Recent studies manually analyzed NLP research across domains, showing that few papers explicitly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Eric Chamoun , Nedjma Ousidhoum , Michael Schlichtkrull , Andreas Vlachos

Since personal computers became widely available in the consumer market, the amount of harmful content on the internet has significantly expanded. In simple terms, harmful content is anything online which causes a person distress or harm.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Pranjal Aggarwal , Pasupuleti Chandana , Jagrut Nemade , Shubham Sharma , Sunil Saumya , Shankar Biradar

Content Warning: This paper contains examples of misgendering and erasure that could be offensive and potentially triggering. Misgendering, the act of incorrectly addressing someone's gender, inflicts serious harm and is pervasive in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Tamanna Hossain , Sunipa Dev , Sameer Singh

Large language models (LM) generate remarkably fluent text and can be efficiently adapted across NLP tasks. Measuring and guaranteeing the quality of generated text in terms of safety is imperative for deploying LMs in the real world; to…

As NLP models are used by a growing number of end-users, an area of increasing importance is NLP Security (NLPSec): assessing the vulnerability of models to malicious attacks and developing comprehensive countermeasures against them. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Heather Lent , Erick Galinkin , Yiyi Chen , Jens Myrup Pedersen , Leon Derczynski , Johannes Bjerva

The prevalence of toxic content on social media platforms, such as hate speech, offensive language, and misogyny, presents serious challenges to our interconnected society. These challenging issues have attracted widespread attention in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Abdelkader El Mahdaouy , Abdellah El Mekki , Ahmed Oumar , Hajar Mousannif , Ismail Berrada

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as an integral part of modern societies, powering user-facing applications such as personal assistants and enterprise applications like recruitment tools. Despite their utility, research indicates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Preetam Prabhu Srikar Dammu , Hayoung Jung , Anjali Singh , Monojit Choudhury , Tanushree Mitra

The spread of hate speech on social media space is currently a serious issue. The undemanding access to the enormous amount of information being generated on these platforms has led people to post and react with toxic content that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Abhishek Velankar , Hrushikesh Patil , Raviraj Joshi

The use of words to convey speaker's intent is traditionally distinguished from the `mention' of words for quoting what someone said, or pointing out properties of a word. Here we show that computationally modeling this use-mention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Kristina Gligoric , Myra Cheng , Lucia Zheng , Esin Durmus , Dan Jurafsky

The advent of the internet has been both a blessing and a curse for once marginalised communities. When used well, the internet can be used to connect and establish communities crossing different intersections; however, it can also be used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Sidney Wong

Toxicity detection has become core safety infrastructure for online moderation, dataset filtering, and deployed language-model systems. Yet most detectors still treat toxicity as an intrinsic property of isolated text. This position paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Sergei Berezin , Reza Farahbakhsh , Noel Crespi

The automatic detection of hate speech online is an active research area in NLP. Most of the studies to date are based on social media datasets that contribute to the creation of hate speech detection models trained on them. However, data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Dimosthenis Antypas , Jose Camacho-Collados

The spread of election misinformation and harmful political content conveys misleading narratives and poses a serious threat to democratic integrity. Detecting harmful content at early stages is essential for understanding and potentially…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Qile Wang , Prerana Khatiwada , Carolina Coimbra Vieira , Benjamin E. Bagozzi , Kenneth E. Barner , Matthew Louis Mauriello

Large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable when trained on datasets containing harmful content, which leads to potential jailbreaking attacks in two scenarios: the integration of harmful texts within crowdsourced data used for pre-training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Xiaoqun Liu , Jiacheng Liang , Muchao Ye , Zhaohan Xi
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