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Fault-tolerant quantum computation demands significant resources: large numbers of physical qubits must be checked for errors repeatedly to protect quantum data as logic gates are implemented in the presence of noise. We demonstrate that an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Felix Thomsen , Markus S. Kesselring , Stephen D. Bartlett , Benjamin J. Brown

Performing active quantum error correction to protect fragile quantum states highly depends on the correctness of error information--error syndromes. To obtain reliable error syndromes using imperfect physical circuits, we propose the idea…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-05 Alexei Ashikhmin , Ching-Yi Lai , Todd Brun

ZX-calculus is graphical language for quantum computing which usually focuses on qubits. In this paper, we generalise qubit ZX-calculus to qudit ZX-calculus in any finite dimension by introducing suitable generators, especially a carefully…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-20 Quanlong Wang

We introduce a purely graph-theoretical object, namely the coding clique, to construct quantum errorcorrecting codes. Almost all quantum codes constructed so far are stabilizer (additive) codes and the construction of nonadditive codes,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-09-13 Sixia Yu , Qing Chen , C. H. Oh

Quantum error-correcting codes are used to protect qubits involved in quantum computation. This process requires logical operators, acting on protected qubits, to be translated into physical operators (circuits) acting on physical quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-20 Narayanan Rengaswamy , Robert Calderbank , Swanand Kadhe , Henry D. Pfister

We re-visit the pentagon holographic quantum error correcting code from a ZX-calculus perspective. By expressing the underlying tensors as ZX-diagrams, we study the stabiliser structure of the code via Pauli webs. In addition, we obtain a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Kwok Ho Wan , H. C. W. Price , Qing Yao

In previous work, we have shown that pseudocodewords can be used to characterize the behavior of decoders not only for classical codes but also for quantum stabilizer codes. With the insights obtained from this pseudocodewords-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-21 July X. Li , Joseph M. Renes , Pascal O. Vontobel

We study, by means of the stabilizer formalism, a quantum error correcting code which is alternative to the standard block codes since it embeds a qubit into a qudit. The code exploits the non-commutative geometry of discrete phase space to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Carlo Cafaro , Federico Maiolini , Stefano Mancini

Good quantum codes, such as quantum MDS codes, are typically nondegenerate, meaning that errors of small weight require active error-correction, which is--paradoxically--itself prone to errors. Decoherence free subspaces, on the other hand,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Salah A. Aly , Andreas Klappenecker , Pradeep Kiran Sarvepalli

We generalize the proof of stability of topological order, due to Bravyi, Hastings and Michalakis, to stabilizer Hamiltonians corresponding to low-density parity check (LDPC) codes without the restriction of geometric locality in Euclidean…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Wojciech De Roeck , Vedika Khemani , Yaodong Li , Nicholas O'Dea , Tibor Rakovszky

There are various gate sets used for describing quantum computation. A particularly popular one consists of Clifford gates and arbitrary single-qubit phase gates. Computations in this gate set can be elegantly described by the ZX-calculus,…

We explicitly construct an infinite family of asymptotically good concatenated quantum stabilizer codes where the outer code uses CSS-type quantum Reed-Solomon code and the inner code uses a set of special quantum codes. In the field of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-06 Zhuo Li , Li-Juan Xing , Xin-Mei Wang

We demonstrate how to use lattice surgery to enact a universal set of fault-tolerant quantum operations with color codes. Along the way, we also improve existing surface-code lattice-surgery methods. Lattice-surgery methods use fewer qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-22 Andrew J. Landahl , Ciaran Ryan-Anderson

We investigate how to concatenate different decoherence-free subspaces (DFSs) to realize scalable universal fault-tolerant quantum computation. Based on tunable $XXZ$ interactions, we present an architecture for scalable quantum computers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Zheng-Wei Zhou , Bo Yu , Xingxiang Zhou , Marc J. Feldman , Guang-Can Guo

We use the recently introduced lifted product to construct a family of Quantum Low Density Parity Check Codes (QLDPC codes). The codes we obtain can be viewed as stacks of surface codes that are interconnected, leading to the name…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-30 Josias Old , Manuel Rispler , Markus Müller

Resource consumption of the conventional surface code is expensive, in part due to the need to separate the defects that create the logical qubit far apart on the physical qubit lattice. We propose that instantiating the deformation-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-25 Shota Nagayama , Takahiko Satoh , Rodney Van Meter

Topological stabilizer codes, such as the toric and surface codes, are leading candidates for fault-tolerant quantum computation. While their decodability under stochastic noise has been extensively studied, the effects of coherent errors,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-13 Zhou Yang , Andreas W. W. Ludwig , Chao-Ming Jian

The ZX-Calculus is a powerful graphical language for quantum mechanics and quantum information processing. The completeness of the language -- i.e. the ability to derive any true equation -- is a crucial question. In the quest of a complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-27 Emmanuel Jeandel , Simon Perdrix , Renaud Vilmart , Quanlong Wang

A quantum error correcting code protects encoded logical information against errors. Transversal gates are a naturally fault-tolerant way to manipulate logical qubits but cannot be universal themselves. Protocols such as magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Eric Huang , Pierre-Gabriel Rozon , Arpit Dua , Sarang Gopalakrishnan , Michael J. Gullans

Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes are a class of quantum error correction codes that contains the toric code and fracton models. A procedure called foliation defines a cluster state for a given CSS code. We use the CSS chain complex and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Takuya Okuda , Aswin Parayil Mana , Hiroki Sukeno
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