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Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations (TURs) set universal bounds linking current fluctuations to entropy production in nonequilibrium steady states. Their multidimensional generalization (MTUR) introduces matrix inequalities connecting…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Sergi Vidal , Alba Mayor-Fernandez , Rosa Lopez

We study universal aspects of fluctuations in an ensemble of noninteracting continuous quantum thermal machines in the steady state limit. Considering an individual machine, such as a refrigerator, in which relative fluctuations (and high…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-03-02 Matthew Gerry , Na'im Kalantar , Dvira Segal

We use Full Counting Statistics to study fluctuations and optimal control in a three-terminal Floquet quantum thermal transistor. We model the setup using three qubits (termed as the emitter, collector and base) coupled to three thermal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-24 Samir Das , Shishira Mahunta , Nikhil Gupt , Victor Mukherjee , Arnab Ghosh

Nanoscale heat engines are subject to large fluctuations which affect their precision. The Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation (TUR) provides a trade-off between output power, fluctuations and entropic cost. This trade-off may be overcome by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-04 Alex Arash Sand Kalaee , Andreas Wacker , Patrick P. Potts

We study bounds on ratios of fluctuations in steady-state time-reversal heat engines controlled by multi affinities. In the linear response regime, we prove that the relative fluctuations (precision) of the output current (power) is always…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-11-17 Sushant Saryal , Matthew Gerry , Ilia Khait , Dvira Segal , Bijay Kumar Agarwalla

Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations express a trade-off between precision, defined as the noise-to-signal ratio of a generic current, and the amount of associated entropy production. These results have deep consequences for autonomous heat…

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) set fundamental bounds on the fluctuation and dissipation of stochastic systems. Here, we examine these bounds, in experiment and theory, by exploring the entire phase space of a cyclic information…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-23 Govind Paneru , Sandipan Dutta , Tsvi Tlusty , Hyuk Kyu Pak

The trade-off between large power output, high efficiency and small fluctuations in the operation of heat engines has recently received interest in the context of thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs). Here we provide a concrete…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-08-04 Sara Kheradsoud , Nastaran Dashti , Maciej Misiorny , Patrick P. Potts , Janine Splettstoesser , Peter Samuelsson

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) are a set of inequalities expressing a fundamental trade-off between precision and dissipation in non-equilibrium classical and quantum thermodynamic processes. TURs show that achieving low…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Mario Motta , Antonio Mezzacapo , Giacomo Guarnieri

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) imposes a fundamental constraint between current fluctuations and entropy production, providing a refined formulation of the second law for micro- and nanoscale systems. Quantum violations of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Yang Li , Fu-Lin Zhang

We apply periodic control to realize a quantum thermal transistor, which we term as the Floquet Quantum thermal Transistor. Periodic modulation allows us to control the heat flows and achieve large amplification factors even for fixed bath…

A procedure to find optimal regimes for quantum thermal engines (QTMs) is described and demonstrated. The QTMs are modelled as the periodically-driven non-equilibrium steady states of open quantum systems, whose dynamics is approximated in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 Alberto Castro

A cost-precision trade-off relationship, the so-called thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), has been recently discovered in stochastic thermodynamics. It bounds certain thermodynamic observables in terms of the associated entropy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-05-27 Soham Pal , Sushant Saryal , Dvira Segal , T. S. Mahesh , Bijay Kumar Agarwalla

Fluctuations are intrinsic to microscopic systems and impose fundamental limits on nonequilibrium precision, as captured by the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), which links current fluctuations to entropy production. While feedback…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Ryotaro Honma , Tan Van Vu

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) place strict bounds on the fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities in terms of the associated entropy production. In this work we identify the tightest (and saturable) matrix-valued TUR that can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-07 André M. Timpanaro , Giacomo Guarnieri , John Goold , Gabriel T. Landi

Recently, a thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) has been formulated for classical Markovian systems demonstrating trade-off between precision (current fluctuation) and cost (dissipation). Systems that violate the TUR are interesting as…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-07-03 Junjie Liu , Dvira Segal

In the quest for high-performance quantum thermal machines, looking for an optimal thermodynamic efficiency is only part of the issue. Indeed, at the level of quantum devices, fluctuations become extremely relevant and need to be taken into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-13 Luca Razzoli , Fabio Cavaliere , Matteo Carrega , Maura Sassetti , Giuliano Benenti

Optimal control is a central problem in quantum thermodynamics. When minimizing dissipated work and work fluctuations defined via the two-point measurement scheme in open quantum systems, existing approaches largely focus on the rapid- and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Yuki Kurokawa , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

As a fundamental measure of stability in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, fluctuations provide critical insight into the performance and reliability of heat engines. In this work, we establish universal fluctuation-dissipation bounds that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-13 Ousi Pan , Zhiqiang Fan , Shunjie Zhang , Jie Li , Jincan Chen , Shanhe Su

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation, originally derived for classical Markov-jump processes, provides a trade-off relation between precision and dissipation, deepening our understanding of the performance of quantum thermal machines.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-31 Junjie Liu , Dvira Segal
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